예이츠는 서로 맞물려 순환하는 이중의 회전원추로 이천년 주기로 반복되는 문명의 부침을 보여준다. 융성하는 문명의 중심에 서 쇠락이 시작되고 몰락의 꼭짓점은 번영의 정점인 밑변과 맞닿아 있다. 한 주기가 그 종말에 이르면 새로운 신격이 출현하는 수태고지가 있다. 예이츠에게 수태고지는 신적 존재가 인간 역사의 순환에 현현하는 것이며, 신화와 종교뿐만이 아니라 예언 된 미래에 대한 선험적 인식이 융합된 광대한 시적 세계의 창작을 의미한다. 시인은 ｢레다와 백조｣,｢신의 어머니｣그리고 ｢재림｣에서 자신이『비전』에서 표명한 역사 주기와 수태고지를 원대한 상상력으 로 연결시키고 있다. 시인은 역사를 통찰해 문명의 흥망성쇠를 예술적으로 승화된 신인합일의 한 순간에 응집시키는 혜안을 드러낸다. 그러므로 이러한 예이츠 시 세계의 독해는 인류 문명사의 주기적 순환원리라는 거대담론에 대한 이해와 함께 사랑 과 탄생과 죽음으로 반복되는 소우주적 삶의 원리를 새로이 일깨워준다.

One of Yeats’s distinguished later poems, “Lapis Lazuli”, which was inspired by a Chinese lapis lazuli carving he received as a gift from a young man of letters, declares the values of artistic activities as a creator as well as preserver of civilizations. In the poem, the poet as a poetic persona constructs vivid vision beyond the real world, breathes in the invisible fragrance that doesn’t really exist and appreciates the unheard melodies from the still object of art. The old ascetics imagined out of the carved still-life meditate upon the tragic scenes beneath their feet from the mountain they ascend towards. Fictitious creatures in a created world of sculpture stare on the real world with old wisdom transfiguring dread. Yeats had not presented all the significant experiences as successfully as he illustrated in this poem. He made the real fictional and in turns, turned the fanciful ideas into real things. The old glittering eyes of those Chinamen in the last stanza are more authentic than the hysterical women who complain with wrong, shrill and cracking voices in the first stanza. The roles of the poet also become mythic as the Chinese do who are distant, old, wise and gay in the hard stone. The poet penetrates into the domain of art work silently and looks back on a poor play of life from the gaiety of his own art. The description of the last stanza in a form of sonnet is much like the controlled carving of a sculptor. And it eternalizes artistic performances by transforming a visual art into a linguistic imagination, and thus by re-creating the scene depicted in the stone in a pleasant manner. As the artist imagines scent and music and movements in the given poetic object, the sculpture attains values stimulating observers’ perception permanently. The Chinese art work with two ascetics and one pupil carrying a musical instrument will continue to mutate in the mind of readers as it receives multiple senses through the poem.

Long-term shipping contracts represent the cooperative and coexisting relationships between the shipping and steel industries. Yet, differences between the contract forms for iron ore and steel products have emerged. Specifically, the large proportion of consecutive voyage charters (CVC) is being applied in the iron ore trade, whereas the contract of affreightment (COA) is proportionally higher for shipping steel products. The literature review and in-depth interviews in this study identified through the research model, the characteristics of the shipping and market structure in both markets have significantly contributed to the preference of different long-term contracts. It has been determined that the mutual oligopoly market structure and the characteristics of shipping such as, the small number of suitable vessels in the market, the single fixed load/discharge ports, the long-distance voyages, and the potential risks for fatal accidents because of cargo liquefaction, for the iron ore trade, provide higher contribution to the preference of CVC contracts. In contrast, the consignor oligopoly market structure and the shipping characteristics, such as the greater number of suitable vessels available in the market, the variation in ports, the cargo quantity per shipment, the various load/discharge ports, and the need for experienced carriers for steel product loading in the steel product trade has shown higher preference on the COA contracts as the consignors with superiority over the shipowners, resulting in favorable contract types and conditions for the consignors.

Logistics in a supply chain network has become an important operational strategy in a competitive market. A number of internal and external risks involved in the logistics operations in a company tend to create problems in fulfilling customer orders. This research presents how ERM (enterprise risk management) can be used to identify, assess, and control logistics risks. An electronic company's logistics activities were used as an industry case to demonstrate a way to identify and assess risks surrounding global logistics function. This paper has further presented action plans to mitigate the impact of the risks that occur.