Background: Obesity negatively affects balance and core muscles playing a crucial role in postural stability. However, little is known about the relationship between abdominal muscle thickness and balance in normal weight women. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abdominal muscle thickness and balance ability in normal-weight women in their 20s. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Twenty-four healthy normal-weight women participated. Abdominal muscle thickness including the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) was measured by ultrasonography. Static balance was assessed during the One-leg standing test and Tetrax system, while dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-Balance and single leg triple hop tests. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between muscle thickness and balance performance. Results: IO thickness showed a negative correlation with static balance (r=- .42). EO thickness showed a positive correlation with single leg triple hop tests (r=.49-.58) and a negative correlation with posterolateral distance during YBalance test. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that abdominal muscles, specifically the IO and EO, are moderately related to balance performance in normal-weight young women. These findings demonstrated the potential benefit of targeted core strengthening interventions to improve postural stability and functional movement. Further studies involving additional muscles and diverse populations are recommended.

대광은 식물의 생장과 생리에 큰 영향을 미치는 핵심 환경 요소이다. 식물공장에서는 일반적으로 재배 기 간 동안 광도가 일정하게 유지된다. 본 연구는 동일한 누적 광량 조건 하에서 일일 광도 변동이 상추(Lactuca sativa L.)와 바질(Ocimum basilicum L.)의 생장 및 광합성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 파종 후 25일(25 DAS)에 식물에 7일간 8가지의 광 처리(L1－L7)를 적용하였다. 대조구는 250 μmol·m-2·s-1의 일정한 광도를 유지하였고, L1부터 L7까지의 처리구는 150에서 350 μmol·m-2·s-1 사이의 일일 광도 변동을 수반하였다. 두 작물 모두에서 광합성 반응 은 전반적으로 광도 변동 패턴을 따랐다. 광도가 점진적으로 증가하는 경우에는 기공전도도에 영향이 없었으나, 급 격한 증가가 있을 경우에는 기공전도도가 유의미하게 감소하였다. 32 DAS 에는 상추에서 대조구와 L5 처리구(불 규칙한 변동)에서 가장 높은 생장이 나타났으며, 바질에서는 L2 처리구(점진적 증가 후 감소)에서 가장 높은 생장 이 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 수확 직전의 단기적인 일일 광도 조절이 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 그 반응은 작물별 로 다르게 나타난다는 것을 시사한다.

Background: Core muscles provide important dynamic stabilization of the lumbar spine. The twist sit-up can simultaneously stimulate the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of knee angles during twist sit-up exercises and determine the most efficient knee angle for performing this exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study recruited 30 students from S University regardless of gender. The subjects performed a total of 10 twist sit-ups at five different knee angles (0, 40, 65, 90, and 105 degrees), divided between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The thickness of abdominal muscles (EO, IO, and TrA), was measured using ultrasonography on rest position and full contraction position for each angle of knee flexion and compared between angles. Results: There were significant differences in the ipsilateral EO, IO, and TrA muscle thickness at different knee flexion angles (P<0.5). There was a significant difference in the thickness of EO between 0 and 105 degrees and between 40 and 105 degrees (P<0.5), a significant difference in the thickness of IO between 0 and 105 degrees (P<0.5), and a significant difference in the thickness of TrA between 0 and 105 degrees, 40 and 90 degrees, and 65 and 90 degrees (P<0.5). Conclusion: In conclusion, the muscles involved in axial rotation i.e., EO and IO, maximally contract at a knee flexion angle of 105 degrees. Therefore, this may be the most optimal angle to perform twist sit-ups.

Background: This study investigated quadriceps femoris muscle activity by comparing concentric and eccentric contractions with self-selective squat speed. Objectives: Study participants agreed in advance and included 30 male college students in their 20s without musculoskeletal system disease. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Participants who participated in this study agreed in advance and recruited 30 male college students in their 20s who had no disease with musculoskeletal system to conduct this study. When squatting at a self-selected speed, the subjects were evaluated using one-way ANOVA to compare concentric and eccentric contraction muscle activity. Results: There were significant differences between the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis regarding concentric contractions.contractions. There was a significant difference in vastus medialis but no significant difference between rectus femoris and vastus lateralis for eccentric contractions. Conclusion: During concentric contraction, all muscles and eccentric contractions indicated significant improvement in the vastus medialis. Therefore, to minimize knee joint injury and maximize efficient muscle activity, self-selected slow and moderate speeds based on self-selection speed when performing the sit-down motion during a squat and moderate speed with fast motions when performing the standing motion should be considered as high muscle activities.

Background: Elastic and non-elastic taping are widely used in clinical practice, but there are various methods of attachment. Objectives: To investigate the effect of the type and intensity of taping on the muscle strength and muscle endurance of healthy adults. Design: Experimental research. Methods: 38 healthy adults participated in this experiment. Before applying the taping to each participant, the muscle strength and endurance of the quadriceps femoris were measured. After applying three different taping intervention methods, muscle strength and muscle endurance changes were measured. Muscle strength and endurance were measured through CSMI. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistics on participant measurements. Results: All intervention methods influenced the muscle strength improvement of the quadriceps femoris. Elastic tape with 50% elasticity had a greater impact on muscle strength than 33% elastic tape and non-elastic tape, and secondly, elastic tape with 33% elasticity was effective, and non-elastic tape had the least impact. Muscle endurance improvement was affected by the order of 50% elasticity taping, 33% elasticity taping, and non-elastic taping. Conclusion: All three taping intervention methods showed significant effects on improving muscle strength and muscle endurance of the wide-legged quadruple muscles, but the best effect was to apply 50% elastic taping.

Background: Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is an educational approach that deals with the physiology of the nervous system as well as the pain system and refers to educating patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders such as chronic back pain. Objectives: This study examined the effects of pain neuroscience education on patients with low back pain. Design: Systematic review. Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases of a regional information sharing system (RISS) and PubMed were searched to identify randomized controlled studies. In the final outcome, 43 publications were identified, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: There were a total of 13 pain-related studies, including 11 studies using NPRS (VAS) and 2 studies using other pain measurement instruments. In NPRS, the effect size was 0.683, which had a medium effect size. In Roland morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), the effect size was 0.544, which had a medium effect size. In Oswestry disability index (ODI), the effect size was 0.951, indicating a large effect size, but the confidence interval could not be obtained because there was only one study. Conclusion: Pain neuroscience education has positive effects on low back pain and disability index in related patients.