This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant capabilities and quality characteristics of instant porridge made of foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) from different varieties with different endosperm characteristics and processing using different methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were waxy foxtail millet, ‘Samdachal’, and non-waxy foxtail millet, ‘Samdame’. The means of processing food to create instant porridge were dry cereal frying, wet cereal frying, freeze drying after steaming, popping, and no treatment. The WAI (water absorption index) of instant porridge made of waxy foxtail millet was higher than that of non-waxy foxtail millet, and popping created the highest WAI among the treatments tested. Whean we analyzed RVA characteristics of non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge, peak viscosity and setback values were decreased in all processed foxtail millet instant porridge compared to non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge. In waxy foxtail instant porridge, the peak and final viscosities of processed treated instant porridge increased. The viscosity just after pouring hot water into the instant porridge was higher in waxy foxtail millet porridge treated by freeze drying after steaming, popping, and wet cereal frying; the viscosity of non-waxy foxtail porridge was increased after popping as compared with the other treatments. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were increased in all processed, treated-instant porridge except for freeze dried porridge after steamingnt. The popping treatment showed the highest polyphenol contents (1.5 fold), and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.2 fold), compared to no treatment. Non-waxy foxtail millet porridge produced by popping earned the highest sensory evaluation scores.

직파품종 개발을 위한 특성검정으로 저온발아성을 조사하여 직파적응성에 알맞은 품종개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자1994년부터 2008년까지 육성된 89개 품종을 이용하여 저온발아성을 검정한 결과 최근에 육성한 품종일수록 저온발아율이80% 이상으로 높았으며, 조생종이나 중생종보다는 중만생종의 저온발아율이 높은 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 또한 최고품질이나 고품질 품종이 초다수성이나안전성 품종보다 저온발아율이 높았다. 품종이 육성된 기관별로 볼때는 직파품종 개발을 담당하고 있는 익산의 벼맥류부육성품종의 저온발아율이 다른 기관에서 육성된 품종보다 높게 조사되었다.

A Truncatipennes species, Pentagonica subcordicollis Bates is newly recorded in Korea. Here we provide a diagnosis and systematic accounts of P. subcordicollis. Consequently, a total of three species of Pentagonia have been recorded in the Korea, including the present species.

Agastache rugosa, a member of the mint family (Labiatae), is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asian countries. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cholera, vomiting, and miasma. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structures on 65 accessions of Korean mint A. rugosa germplasm based on inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The selected nine ISSR primers produced reproducible polymorphic banding patterns. In total, 126 bands were scored; 119 (94.4%) were polymorphic. The number of bands generated per primer varied from 7 to 18. A minimum of seven bands was generated by primer 874, while a maximum of 18 bands was generated by the primer 844. Six primers (815, 826, 835, 844, 868, and 874) generated 100% polymorphic bands. This was supported by other parameters such as total gene diversity (HT) values, which ranged from 0.112 to 0.330 with a mean of 0.218. The effective number of alleles (NE) ranged from 1.174 to 1.486 with a mean value of 1.351. Nei's genetic diversity (H) mean value was 0.218, and Shannon's information index (I) mean value was 0.343. The high values for total gene diversity, effective number of alleles, Nei's genetic diversity, and Shannon's information index indicated substantial variations within the population. Cluster analysis showed characteristic grouping, which is not in accordance with their geographical affiliation. The implications of the results of this study in developing a strategy for the conservation and breeding of A. rugosa and other medicinal plant germplasm are discussed.

‘중모1008호’는 내냉성이 강한 조생종 품종육성을 위하여 1999/2000 동계에 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 줄무늬잎마름병에 저항성이면서 밥맛이 좋은 ‘익산451호’를 모본으로 하고 조생종이면서 내냉성인 ‘상주21호’를 부본으로 인공교배하여 계통육종법에 따라 육성하였다. ‘중모1008호’는 북부평야지 및 중산간지, 남부고랭지, 동해안 북부해안지 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 7월 27일로 ‘오대벼’보다 3일정도 빠른 조생종이다. 간장은 73 cm로 ‘오대벼’보다 약간 크며, 주당수수는 13개이고 수당립수는 ‘오대벼’에 비해 많으며 등숙비율이 91.1%로 높고, 현미천립중은 23.0 g이다. 노화묘 늦심기에서 위조현상이 나타나지 않았으며 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 ‘오대벼’보다 잘되는 편이다. 유묘기 내냉성은 ‘오대벼’와 비슷하나 임실률은 다소 떨어지는 편이다. ‘중모1008호’는 도열병과 줄무늬잎마름병에 강한 반응을 보이나 흰잎마름병(K1～K3)과 바이러스병에 약하고 벼멸구, 애멸구 등 해충에 대한 저항성은 없었다. ‘중모1008호’의 쌀은 심복백이 거의 없고 투명하며 외관 품위가 양호하고, 쌀수량은 보통기 보비재배에서 5.60 MT/ha로 ‘오대벼’보다 3% 증수되었다.

Physiological responses to salinity stress were evaluated in six rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to salinity at the seedling stage. Susceptible genotypes ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo', and 'IR29') showed salt injury symptoms (mean 8.8) and higher visual score under salt stress than that of tolerant ones ('Pokkali', 'IR74009', and 'IR73571'). As salinity affects growth and physiological parameters, the six genotypes thus showed significant reduction because of salt stress. Tolerant Japonica/Indica bred lines ('IR74009', 'IR73571') showed lower reduction, 33.9%, 34.5%, and 50%, respectively, in plant seedling height, dry shoot weight and dry root weight than those of the susceptible Japonica varieties ('Dongjingbyeo', 'Hwayeongbyeo'), and the highest reduction under salt stress was observed in dry root weight, followed by dry shoot weight and seedling height, respectively. Shoot Na+ concentration of IR74099 and IR73571 was lower than that of the susceptible varieties, 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo'. There were no significant differences among genotypes in root Na+ concentration. Shoot K+ concentration showed a reverse tendency compared to shoot Na+ concentration. IR74009 and IR73571 had considerably lower ratio compared to 'Dongjinbyeo' and 'Hwayeongbyeo' in Na+/K+ ratio of their shoot and was not different the tolerant check, 'Pokkali'.

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5 and Xa21) were developed in japonica rice using Suweon345 as genetic background. NILs were selected by gene specific DNA markers and inoculation of K1 or K3a race. NILs conferring Xa4 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and moderately resistant to K3a. NILs conferring xa5 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and K3a. NILs having Xa21 were susceptible to K1, while resistant to K2, K3 and K3a. Target genes of NILs with the genetic background of Suweon345 were also confirmed by using eleven Philippines races and International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) NILs carrying Xa4, xa5 and Xa21. All NILs had no significant difference from their recurrent parents in the major agronomic traits except for panicle length and brown rice 1,000 grain weight. Heading date of NILs ranged from Aug. 10 to Aug. 11, which was similar to that of recurrent parent, Suweon345. Culm length, number of grains per panicle and ratio of ripened grain of NILs were similar to those of Suweon345. Milled rice of NILs was ranged from 4.82 to 4.93MT/ha. These NILs will be useful for improving resistance to K3a race of bacterial blight pathogens in Korean japonica cultivars.

‘다청’은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 중만생 고품질 복합내병충성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 남서해안지, 호남 및 영남평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 19일로 ‘남평벼’보다 2일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 간장은 87 cm로 ‘남평벼’보다 크며, 수당립수는 많고 등숙비율이 다소 낮은 중립종에 속한다. 3. 위조현상은 나타나지 않았으며 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 ‘남평벼’보다 잘 되는 편

‘호농’은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 운봉31호의 개화시에 MNU를 수정란(미숙배)에 처리한 후대에서 선발하여 2009년도에 품종보호권을 출원한 품종이다. 1. 남서해안지, 호남 및 영남평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 19일로 ‘남평벼’보다 2일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 간장은 79 cm로 ‘남평벼’와 비슷하며, 수당립수는 적고 등숙비율이 다소 높은 중립종이다. 3. 위조현상은 나타나지 않았으며 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 남평벼보다

"드래찬" 품종은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 중만생 양질 내병성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 보통기 보비재배에서 8월 17일로 한마음보다 2일 늦은 중만생종이다. 2. 쌀은 복백이 약간 있으나 아밀로스 함량이 낮고 밥맛이 좋은 편이다. 3. 도열병, 흰잎마름병 레이스K1-3 및 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성 반응을 보였으나 멸구 및 매미충류에는 약한 반응을 보였다. 4. 유묘 내냉성은 한마음과 비슷하

"보석"은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 2008년도에 육성한 조생 고품질 내냉성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보통기 보비재배에서 평균 출수기가 7월 29일, 남부중산간지에서는 7월 26일로 오대벼보다 3일정도 빠른 조생종이다. 2. 오대벼에 해 주당수수와 수당립수는 많고, 등숙비율은 다소 높으나 현미천립중은 오대벼보다 가벼운 편이다. 3. 위조현상은 없고 성숙기 하엽노화가 늦고 수발아는 오대벼 보다 잘되는 편이다. 유묘기 내냉