To elucidate the effect of cellular phone electromagnetic wave (EMW) exposure on the developing cerebellar cortex of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, animals were exposed to cellular phone electromagnetic waves for 1 hr per day for 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed by cardiac perfusion, after which histological samples were prepared and observed microscopically. In the EMW exposure group, external granule cells were remained partially in the external granular layer without migrating into the internal granular layer. In addition, dark stained shrunken Purkinje cells with pyknotic nuclei increased and the outline of cells became irregular and showed degenerative signs, such as mitochondrial swelling and disrupted cristae. Moreover, the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi complex were severely swollen. Bergmann glial cells adjacent to the dark stained Purkinje cells were swollen and cytoplasmic organelles were scant. Dark stained shrunken granule cells were also observed and the outline of cells was irregular. The results of the present study suggest that cellular phone EMW exposure to neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats leads to a partial delay of early migration of cerebellar cortical cells and degenerative changes in Purkinje cells, Bergmann glial cells and granule cells.

The true bug genus Paromius from Korea is revised taxonomically. It comprises the following three species: P. exiguus (Distant, 1883), P. jejunus (Distant, 1883) and P. gracilis (Rambur, 1839). Among them, P. jejunus (Distant, 1883) is recorded for the first time in Korea. The pest bug injurious to rice culture, known as P. exiguus (Distant,1883), has been recorded erroneously by the previous authors from Korea due to the misidentification, which is rectified here with the support of morphological evidence. All the species of this genus are classified with proper redescriptions, and an identification key to species is provided with illustrations.

Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid compound present in many plants. This study examined the antimicrobial activity of ursolic acid against mutans streptococci (MS) isolated from the Korean population. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time kill curves of MS. The cytotoxicity of ursolic acid against KB cells was tested using an MTT assay. The MIC90 values of ursolic acid for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus isolated from the Korean population were 2 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Ursolic acid had a bactericidal effect on S. mutans ATCC 25175 T and S. sobrinus ATCC 33478 T at > 2 × MIC (4 μg/ml) and 4 × MIC (8 μg/ml), respectively. Ursolic acid had no cytotoxic effect on KB cells at concentrations at which it exerted antimicrobial effects. The results suggest that ursolic acid can be used in the development of oral hygiene products for the prevention of dental caries.

본 논문에서는 총복근윷 갖는 비비례 감쇠 시스템의 고유치 해석 방법읍 χn 안하였다. 2 치‘ 고유치 문제의 행웰 즈5 합잘 통한 선형 방정식에 수정뭔 Newton-Raphson 기법파 고유벡터의 직i1l성을 적용히여 저1 안방법 의 암고려츰을 유도하였따. 벡터 반꽉법 EE.는 부분공간 딴복법과 같은 기존의 반복법어1 셔는 수렘성을 향상시 키기 워해 띤위법옳 적용하였으며， 이 값이 시스템의 고유치에 근사하케 되면 행펼분해 과정에서 득이성이 받생한다， 그러나 제안방법은 구하고자 하논 고유치가 중복근이 이년 정우에， 변위값이 시스템으] 고유치 열지 리도 ’향상 정최성윷 유지하며， 이것윤 해석적으로 증명하였다‘ 제얀방법은 수정된 N ewton-Raphson 기볍을 이용하기 때문에 초기값을 필요로 한다 제 안방법의 초기값으로는 반복법의 중간젤과니 근사법의 결괴블 사 용할 수 있다. 이를 방법중 Lanczos 방법이 가장 효율적으로 좋은 초기값을 제꽁하기 때푼에 Lanczos 방법 의 결괴룹 저1 안방법의 초기값으로 사용하였다， 지1 안빙법의 효율성윷 중벙하기 위하여 두가지 예제 구조불에 대해 해석시간 및 수렴성윷 가장 많이 사용하고 었는 부분공간 반복법과 Lanczos 방법의 결과와 비교하였따，

Recently there are increasing numbers of people participating in sports activities. Accordingly, the rate of sports injuries is increasing as well. In this light, this study was conducted to investigate the extent of acute damage and its forms by examining the current state of patients with sports injuries. This research study was conducted between January of 2008 and December of 2010 in Chosun University Hospital through retrospective review of the medical records of patients with sportsrelated injuries. The total number of patients with sports injuries who visited the emergency center was 887. The number of male patients was 726 (81.85%), far more than the number of female patients (18.15%). More than half of the patients, accounting for 419 (47.23%), had injuries on their face; second and common parts, in which injuries occurred, were upper and lower body, accounting for 146 (16.45%) and 193 (21.75%), respectively. The majority of patients did not undergo surgical treatment. Only 113 (12.73%) patients underwent surgical treatment. In addition, more than 80% of them were not hospitalized but 170 of them needed to be hospitalized. Most sports injuries occurred in young male patients. This can interrupt participation in sports activities for a long time and result in lower quality of life. Hence proper preventative measures and scientific treatment methods are needed.