Chung Jung-Seung. 1998. The Effects of Listening Strategies on Listening Proficiency in University Students. Studies in Modern Grammar 14, 321-347. This study aims at finding out what kinds of listening strategies Korean university students have in the English classroom It also investigates not only the differences between male and female students, between high and low groups of students, and among majors in the use of listening strategies, but also the relationship between listening strategy use and listening achievement in these groups of students. The analysis of data revealed several important things in the study of listening strategies. First, there existed seven factors of strategies: affective, metacognitive, cognitive, inference, self-management, selective attention, and comparison-repetition strategies. Second, among the seven strategies the affective strategies were most closely related to the rest of the strategies. Third, the most favored listening strategies by the Korean students were self-management strategies, while the least frequently used strategies were metacognitive strategies. Fourth, female students showed more frequent use of listening strategies than their male counterparts. Fifth, humanities students tended to use strategies more often than engineering and science students. Sixth, the high achievement group of students were found to use listening strategies far more significantly often than the low group of students. Seventh, the statistically significant relationship between use of listening strategies and listening achievement xisted between high and low groups of students. Finally, the study suggests some implications for teaching listening comprehension and some considerations for further research in listening strategies.

Chung Jung-Seung & Kim No-Ju. A Constraint against Identical Maximal Pronections in Phrasing. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 11: 133-141. In the phrasing of sentences without focus, a multi-word prosodic phrase (henceforth P-phrase) is preferred to a one-word P-phrase due to the constraint Phrase Minimality which prohibits a one-word P-phrase in North Kyungsang Korean (hereafter NK Korean) (N.-J. Kim 1997). However, a one-word (unary branching) P-phrase is forced to be formed due to the two inviolable constraints C-command and No Identical Maximal Projections (`IMPS). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a role played by the constraint IMPs in mapping syntactic phrases to prosodic phrases. The constraint IMPs prohibits any identical maximal projections from being organized into the same P-phrase. For a role done by the constraint C-command, readers might refer to J.-S. Chung & N.-J. Kim (1997).