본 연구는 프랑스와 영국의 탈식민주의 방법론을 비교하며, 유럽중심 주의, 재현(representation), 지식 생산에 대한 접근 방식을 살펴보았다. 문헌분석과 비교방법론을 사용하여, 존재론적이고 마르크스주의적 전통 에 뿌리를 둔 프랑스의 사유가 체계적인 비판을 강조하는 방식, 특히 에 메 세제르(Aime Cesaire)와 프란츠 파농(Frantz Fanon) 등의 탈식민화 와 저항을 조망하였으며, 에드워드 사이드(Edward Said), 가야트리 스피 박(Gayatri Spivak), 호미 바바(Homi Bhabha) 등의 이론을 통해 문화 연구, 페미니즘 이론, 탈구조주의에 영향을 받은 영국의 포스트식민주의 이론이 상징적이고 교차적인 역학, 재현과 ‘하위’로 분류되는 사람들의 주변화에 중점을 두는 관점을 탐구하였다. 연구 결과 양국 이론의 전통 이 가진 강점과 한계를 알 수 있었으며, 프랑스의 접근은 구조적 식민주 의를 비판하는 데 중점을 두지만 영국의 접근은 상징적이고 재현적인 메 커니즘을 해체하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있음을 밝힐 수 있었다. 이러한 관 점들의 통합을 통해 이 연구는 탈식민주의에 대한 전체론적 비판을 위한 융합적 틀을 제시하며, 탈식민지 연구가 지식의 탈식민화와 주변화된 목 소리의 증폭이라는 사명을 진전시킬 수 있음을 제언하였다. 특히, 이 두 전통의 융합이 식민주의가 남긴 물질적·상징적 억압을 통합적으로 이해 하는 데 기여할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 이러한 전체적 접근이 단순히 과거의 식민지 경험을 분석하는 것을 넘어, 디콜로니얼을 향한 탈식민시대와 미래의 지식 체계와 학문적 실천을 재구성하는 데 중요한 학문적 함의를 가진다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding methods on in vitro ruminal fermentation, total gas and methane production in Hanwoo steers. Six Hanwoo steers fitted with rumen cannula (430 ± 21 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three feeding systems: 1) feeding forage 1 hour after concentrate, 2) feeding concentrate 1 hour after forage, 3) feeding mixed ration. Rumen fluid sampled from each animals was incubated 24 hours with maize or timothy substrates in in vitro. Ruminal pH was increased in feeding method 2 or maize substrate than that of other methods or timothy substrate (P < 0.001). The production of total volatile fatty acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were increased when steers fed diets using feeding method 1 or rumen fluid was incubated with maize substrate (P < 0.001). Increased production of total gas and methane was observed in feeding method 1 and maize substrate compared to those of other methods or timothy substrate (P < 0.001). Due to the inconsistent results between ruminal fermentation and gas production in this study, further research is required to estimate effects of feeding method on enteric fermentation and gas production in in vivo.

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology fast replaces the previous methods that require protein engineering such as Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and TALE nucleases (TALENs). Conventional genome editing of plant cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology largely depends on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the plant cells and subsequent regeneration of whole plants from the edited cells. During this process, unwanted foreign DNAs including the antibiotics gene and fragments of the T-DNA can be introduced into plant genome. Insertion of these unwanted DNA causes lots of regulatory restrictions when commercializing the LMO products. To step aside these issues, we designed DNA-free ribonucleoprotein-based method and regenerated whole plants from the successfully engineered cells. We will share our discovery on the successful implement of this technology in lettuce protoplasts.

The oriental melon (C. melo var. makuwa), called ‘Chamoe’ in Korean, is a popular fruit crop cultivated mainly in Asia and a high–market value crop in Korea. To provide a genomic resource as a reference genome for the Cucurbitaceae crop improvement, we performed whole genome sequencing of Korean landrace, Gotgam chamoe. We used Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform to generate 89 Gb (205X) of paired and mate pair sequence reads. The pre-processed reads were de novo assembled resulting in 4,764 scaffolds with a N50 scaffold length of 249kb. This assembly represented 379.8Mb which was 84.7% of the 448Mb of the whole genome. The assembled draft was predicted 26,634 genes of which 80% were predicted by known protein or C. melo unigene homology. Approximately 20% of predicted genes were hypothetical. A total of 1,885 non-coding RNA was detected including rRNA. The transposable elements were accounted for 21% (71.6Mb) of the total assembly. All the marker candidates including SSR, INDEL, SNP were mined and presented. The draft genome will provide a useful platform for genomic research and improvement for Cucurbitacea crops.

This study was carried out to compare the toxicity of nano and micrometer particles with Cu and Zn on soil microbial community and metal uptake of buck wheat. In microcosm system, soil was incubated for 14 days after soil aliquots were artificially contaminated with 1,000 mg/kg Cu, Zn nano and micro particles, respectively. After then, buck wheat was planted in incubating soils and non incubating soils. After 14 days, we compared bioaccumulation of metal, and microbial carbon substrate utilization patterns between incubating soils and non-incubating soils. The enrichment factor (EF) values of incubating samples were greater than non-incubating soils. Dehydrogenase activity had been inhibited by Cu and Zn nanoparticles in non-incubating soil, as well as it had been inhibited by Zn micro particles in incubating soils. Results of biolog test, it was not significant different between nano particles and micro particles. It cannot be generalized that nanoparticles of metal are always more toxic to soil microbial activity and diversity than micrometer-sized particles and the toxicity needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.