어류 치어기의 주요 먹이로 생물로 사용되는 해산 로티퍼 (Brachionus plicatilis)의 생존율 및 개체군 성장률을 이용하여, 국내 연안에 잔류하고 있는 것으로 알려진 신방 오물질인 chlorothalonil의 독성을 평가하고자 하였다. B. plicatilis의 생존율은 0.039 mg L-1에서 유의하게 감소하기 시작하여, chlorothalonil의 농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 농도의존성을 나타냈다. 생존율의 무영향농도는 0.020 mg L-1, 최소영향농도는 0.039 mg L-1, 반수영향농도는 0.057 mg L-1로 나타났다. 개체군 성장률 또한 생존율과 마찬가지로 0.313 mg L-1에서부터 농도의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 개체군 성장률의 무영향농도는 0.156 mg L-1, 최소영향농도는 0.313 mg L-1, 반수영향농도는 0.506 mg L-1 로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 해양 생태계 내에서 신방오물질인 chlorothalonil의 잔류 농도가 0.039 mg L-1 이상일 경우 B. plicatilis에게 독성영향을 줄 것으로 예상되며, 본 연구의 생태독성 시험결과를 바탕으로 해양환경 내 chlorothalonil 의 독성을 평가하기 위한 기초연구자료 및 다른 방오물질과의 독성영향을 비교평가할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 신방오도료 Diuron과 Irgarol이 해양 무척추동물인 말똥성게 (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)에게 미치는 독성영향을 10 min-수정률과 64 h-정상 유생발생률의 EC50, NOEC, LOEC 값을 통하여 확인하였으며, 해당 오염 물질이 H. pulcherrimus의 초기발생단계에 미치는 지연효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 실험결과, Diuron과 Irgarol은 시험농도 (40 mg L-1)에서 H. pulcherrimus의 수정률에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 정상 유생발생률에 대한 EC50값은 각각 7.12 mg L-1, 2.31 mg L-1로 나타났다. 또한, 수정란이 pluteus 유생으로 발달하는 과정에서 반수영향농도의 Diuron과 Irgarol의 노출 경과시간이 18 h에 도달하면, early gastrular stage로의 발달이 지연되기 시작하여, 24 h에서부터 유의미한 발달지연이 확인되었다. 이후 지속적인 발달지연이 관찰되어, Early gastrular-gastrular-early pluteus-pluteus로 이어지는 과정에서 발달지연이 나타났다. Diuron과 Irgarol은 잔류성이 높으며, 본 연구결과와 같이 무척추동물을 포함한 다양한 해양생물 군에 독성영향이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에, 해양 환경의 오염을 방지하고 보전하기 위하여, 관련된 규정의 마련을 통하여 환경보호 전략이 필요하다.

동해 연안 식물플랑크톤의 계절별 분포 특성과 해양환경 요인과의 상호관계를 파악하기 위하여 2009년 2월, 5월, 8월 및 11월에 연안 18개 정점에 대해 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 규조강 37종, 와편모조강 22종, 유글레나조강 1종, 규질편모조강 3종 및 은편모조강 1종으로 나뉘었다. 현존량은 1.2×10³ -246.6×10³ cells/L(평균 24.8×10³ cells/L)의 분포 범위를 보였으며 5월에 가장 높았다. 주요 우점종은 Leptocylindrus danicus, Chaetoceros affinis, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens 및 Thalassionema nitzschioides 등이 출현하였다. 해양환경 요인과의 상관분석 결과 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 pH, 용존산소, 클로로필-a 및 부유물질과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 규산규소와는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 우점종의 계절 변동은 등밀도선 상의 수온(T)-염분(S)도로 구분한 수괴 특성에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 5월은 수온, 8월은 염분 분포와 관계가 있었다. 현존량과 종조성을 바탕으로 다원척도 분석을 한 식물플랑크톤의 공간적인 분포는 경북 죽변과 울진을 기점으로 강원연안 그룹(Group A)과 경북연안 그룹(Group B)으로 나뉘어졌다.

We investigated the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Youngil Bay as well as the effect of water physico-chemical parameters. Water samples at three stations were collected and measured monthly from May to November in 2010. The taxa of phytoplankton observed in this study were classified as 33 Bacillariophyceae, 23 Dinophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae, 2 Crysophyceae and 1 Cryptophyceae. The highest biomass of phytoplankton was observed at inner station in September, which was characterized high concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) in surface water after rainfall. Nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biomass values showed the marked trend to decrease from the inner bay to the outer bay. Pearson's correlation co-efficient between salinity and other water parameters including chlorophyll-a, pH and DIP showed the strong negative relationship r=-0.82, r=-0.78 and r=-0.75 (p＜0.01), respectively. These results indicate that the water quality of Youngil Bay could be stimulated by nutrient enriched input from Hyeogsan River discharge, and the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton biomass principally limited to DIP concentration from Hyeogsan river.

Time-series change in Gyeongpo beach shoreline was illustrated using DGPS(Differential Global Positioning System, resolution < 0.6m) observation from April, 2009 to April, 2010. The shoreline was subdivided into 12 areas, and westward and eastward movement of shoreline position at each area was calculated. In general, the shoreline moved toward sea during summer, and it moved toward land during winter. The southern and northern part of the shoreline had different pattern in time-series. The shoreline in the southern part moved toward sea during summer and moved toward land during winter, but time-series pattern of the shoreline in the northern part was more complicated than that in the southern part. Pattern of time-series change in the northern part was made up of three different types; the first is that the shoreline moves continuously toward land, and the second thing is that the shoreline's movement is the opposite to the southern part, and the third thing is that the shoreline maintains a state of equilibrium without any great fluctuation. The total length of the shoreline was the largest during winter and the smallest during summer. In general, time-series change in the shoreline had positive(+) relationship with sea surface pressure and wind speed.

Based on the Results of Annual Monitoring Report of Korean Marine Environment in 2006, it was shown that the coastal area of the East Sea around Korean peninsula could be clearly divided into two parts: the area of upwelling and the North Korean Cold Current. In the upwelling area, the chlorophyll-a and nutrients were increased by the influence of the decrease of temperature and the increase of salinity. These mean that the appearance of cold water due to the upwelling causes nutrient rich water and also resulted in the high productivity.

Wangdol-cho, located 23 km offshore of Hupo in southwest of East Sea, is underwater rock floor, called to Wangdol-Am or Wangdol-Jam and has three tops as Mat-Jam, Middle-Jam and Set-Jam. The composition, abundance, diversity and community structure were investigated in winter and summer in 2002 around Wangdol-cho. The temperature around the Northwest and Southeast part of Wangdol-cho was influenced by the North Korea Cold Current (NKCC) and East Korea Warm Current (EKWC), respectively. Nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentration were higher at the top of Wangdol-cho than other area. A total of 41 genera and 78 species of phytoplankton were identified. The average cell abundance of phytoplankton in winter and summer were 286×103 cells/㎥, 432×103 cells/㎥ respectively. The largest community was Bacillariophyta containing 52 taxa. The dominant species were Lauderia anulata and Coscinodiscus spp. which preferred cold water in winter. In contrast, warm water species such as Rhizosolenia stolterfothii and Ceratium spp. were dominant in summer. The average species diversity index of phytoplankton in winter was higher than that in summer. According to dominant species and standing crops, phytoplankton community resulted in a clear separation. One group was western area, which showed low density, and the other was eastern area, which showed the higher density. The abundance and species composition of phytoplankton were affected by topological characteristics around Wangdol-cho.