Data on the crude protein requirements of elk doe are nonexistent and the data are essential for their management in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the crude protein requirement for maintenance of elk doe. Three female elk deer were used in 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets containing three levels of crude protein (CP) that contained low crude protein (approximately 12%), medium crude protein (15%), and high crude protein (18%). Each three elk doe trials included a 14-day preliminary period and a 5-day collection period. Crude protein intake was 4.83, 6.26, and 9.00 g/d for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. Crude protein balances were 1.04, 1.41, and 4.14 for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. The maintenance requirement for CP from the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance were 3.70 g/BW0.75.

At present, oak sawdust and rice bran are mainly used as the medium materials for bag cultivation of Lentinula edodes. This experiment was conducted to develop the optimum medium of ‘Nongjingo’, a new variety of Lentinula edodes. We investigated oak sawdust, oak fermented sawdust, poplar sawdust, and douglas fir sawdust as main materials, and rice bran and wheat bran as nutrient resources, respectively. The medium composition was consisted of main material 80%+nutrient 20% based on the volume ratio. Eight treatments of medium composition were tested. The period of mycelial incubation in ‘oak sawdust 40%+douglas fir sawdust 40%+rice bran 20% was 86 days (39 days in dark incubation and 47 days in browning) shortened up to 18 days compared to the control. The 1st yield of commercial fruiting bodies in this treatment was 48.1 g/bag which was 44.8% higher than that in control. We expect that the cultivation period of ‘Nongjingo’ will be shortened, and the yield increased in the medium replaced half of oak sawdust by douglas fir sawdust.

The purpose of this study was to establish reliability and validity of the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) translated into Korean for neck pain patients. Sixty-two subjects (35 males, 27 females) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that included pain intensity, sleeping, sensory at night, duration of symptoms, carrying, reading and watching television, working, social activities, and driving. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPQ scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPQ was good ICC(2,1)=.83 (95%CI=.85~.95). Cronbach's alpha value for NPQ was found to be .87 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .75 (p<.01). We concluded that the Korean version NPQ was shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.