Cell behavior of the transformed cells is known to affect by interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and integrin. To investigate the alterations of both integrin expression and cell-matrix interaction during neoplastic conversion of human oral kerationcytes, we studied expression levels of integrin subunits by flow cytometry and cellular responses to the ECM proteins in normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs), HPV-immortalized HOK-16B line, and three oral cancer cell lines established from HOK-16B line, CTHOK-16B-BaP, CTHOK-16B-DMBA, and CTHOK-16B-Dexa lines. The expression levels of α and β integrin subunits were shown decreased tendency in human oral keratinocytes undergoing immortalization and tumorigenic transformation except CTHOK-16B-DMBA line tested. Although αuβ6 integrin is known to be highly expressed in squamous cell carcinomas, and the altered integrin expression is suspected to be associated with cellular carcinogenesis, αu integrin subunit and αuβ6 egrin did not express in oral cancer cell lines tested. Cell behavior to the ECM proteins in HOK-16B line was generally similar to that of exponentially proliferating NHOKs. The adhesion activity profiles of type I collagen were very similar to that of its laminin counterparts, but fibronectin showed minimal adhesion activity under our conditions compared to the BSA control. The ability of the CTHOK-16B-BaP line to spread upon type I collagen and laminin markedly decreased, but migration was notably increased on type I collagen. In contrast, CTHOK-16B-DMBA and CTHOK-16B-Dexa lines spread less but migrated more upon type I collagen than immortalized HOK-16B line. These data indicate that downregulation of integrin subunits causes the changes of cellular responses to the ECM proteins during neoplastic conversion of human oral keratinocytes, and that cellular responses to the ECM proteins in oral cancer cell lines established by exposing different carcinogens are variable according to chemical carcinogens treatment.

This is the case report of a 58-year-old man who developed acute severe hypoglycemia after a spinal block. He had a history of injecting insulin combined with 50% dextrose for hyperkalemia control. After the spinal block, he presented with hypo-glycemic symptoms and went into convulsions. Following injection of midazolam and 10 ml of 50% dextrose, his mental state returned to alert. We recommend careful monitoring of blood sugar level of chronic kidney disease patients who under-go neuraxial block.

A new rose variety, ‘Venus Berry’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Boy Friend’ and ‘GSR10315’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Venus Berry’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Venus Berry’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. The petal of flower is so thick and has no scratch. A standard type with large sized flower, it has light pink(Red Purple Group 69C) color flower. ‘Venus Berry’ takes 45 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 194.1 stems/m2 in a year. The length of cut flower was long with 65.5 cm. It has 10.2 cm in flower diameter and 43.6 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

A new rose variety, ‘Love Letter’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Red Giant’ and ‘Ensemble’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Love Letter’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Love Letter’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. A standard type with large sized flower, It has red(Red Group 46A) color flower. ‘Love Letter’ takes 43 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 152 stems/m2 in a year. The stems of cut flower have no thorn and the length was long with 70.5 cm. It has 9.3 cm in flower diameter and 32.4 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

"Yeu", an Asiatic lily variety was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), in 2006. A crossing was made between Asiatic lily "Foxtrot", a orange colored cultivar, and Asiatic lily "A94-l" (White bird x Foxtrot), a orange colored cultivar in 1996. A promising line No. 9857 was selected in natural cultivation condition from the progenies of a cross combination between "Foxtrot" and "A94-1" in 1998. The flower characteristics and cultivation performance of "Yeu" were investigated from 2000 to 2005 named as Wongyo C1-85. The natural flowering time of "Yeu" was the middle of June, but year-round cut flower production was possible by storing the bulbs under -1 to -2℃ conditions. The flower has unspotted, upward facing, and orange petals without fragrance. The plant height at the natural flowering time is 50±5.7 cm. The width of flower is 12.6±0.5 cm. The weight and circumference of bulb are 18.4±6.8 g and 12.4±2.2 cm, respectively. For forcing culture, it is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. Botrytis disease should be properly controlled especially in wet season.

"Black Eye", an Asiatic lily cultivar was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2006. A crossing was made between an Asiatic lily "La Toya", a purple colored variety, and an Asiatic lily "Nerone", a dark red colored variety in 1997. Selection was made in natural cultivation condition from the progenies of a cross combination between "La Toya" and "Nerone" in 2000. The flower characteristics and performance of "Black Eye" were investigated from 2001 to 2005 as Wongyo C1-89. The natural flowering time of "Black Eye" at rain shelter condition was the middle of June, but year-round cut flower production was possible by storing the bulbs at -1 to -2℃ condition. It has black spotted and upward facing dark red petals without fragrance. The plant height is 118 cm. The width of flower is 16.8 cm. The weight and circumference of bulb are 25.9 g and 13.7 cm, respectively. For forcing culture at winter season, it is necessary to add Ca++ to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. Botrytis disease should be properly controlled especially during wet season.