To find an alternative for synthetic pesticides, methanol extract from plant samples were tested for their insecticidal activity against insect. The extract of Asiasarum sieboldii had strongly insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Roots of A. sieboldii were extracted with methanol, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-buthanol and H2O. The highest activity was shown in the hexane fraction. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two amides from hexane fration through the repeated silica gel column chromatographic separations. From the interpretation of spectropic data including NMR, MS, IR, the chemical structures of compounds were determined as dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E,4E,8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide. These compounds showed insecticidal activity on P. xylostella by 96.7% at 100ppm. The liquid formulation controlled on cabbage effectively. The extract and compounds from A. sieboldii showed insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens. As a naturally occurring pesticide, A. sieboldii could be useful as a new botanic insecticide.

A new cultivars Dendranthema grandiflourm ‘Dream River’ was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research ＆ Extension Services(GARES),Korea in 2010. The cultivar ‘Dream River’ was crossed in 2007 between ‘Geumsu’, a spray cultivar with yellow single type, and ‘Crangball’, a spray cultivar with pink single type. Trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 for evaluations and selection of this variety, including a shading culture in summer and a retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of ‘Dream River’ was late October, and year-round flowering is possible by shading or lighting treatment. After the test of specific characters from 2009 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. The cultivar has an single type flowers with ivory petals and a green flower center. The diameter of flower is 56.0mm. Numbers of flowrs per stem and petals per flower are 15.2 and 26.5, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 53 days in the four season. The cultivar ‘Dream River’ has ivory petal with 7.5weeks to flowering under the short day treatment.

A new rose variety, ‘Love Letter’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Red Giant’ and ‘Ensemble’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Love Letter’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Love Letter’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. A standard type with large sized flower, It has red(Red Group 46A) color flower. ‘Love Letter’ takes 43 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 152 stems/m2 in a year. The stems of cut flower have no thorn and the length was long with 70.5 cm. It has 9.3 cm in flower diameter and 32.4 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

A new rose variety, ‘Venus Berry’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between ‘Boy Friend’ and ‘GSR10315’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services(GARES) in 2011. ‘Venus Berry’ was crossed in 2007 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2008 to 2011, it was finally selected and named. ‘Venus Berry’ was developed because of distinctive characters such as growth uniformity and high yielding potential. The petal of flower is so thick and has no scratch. A standard type with large sized flower, it has light pink(Red Purple Group 69C) color flower. ‘Venus Berry’ takes 45 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 194.1 stems/m2 in a year. The length of cut flower was long with 65.5 cm. It has 10.2 cm in flower diameter and 43.6 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar could be as long as 12 days.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration have been utilized as valuable tools for F_1-hybrid seed production in many crops despite laborious breeding processes. Molecular markers for the selection of CMS-related genes help reduce the expenses and breeding times. A previously reported genomic region containing the Ppr-B gene, which is responsible for restoration of fertility and corresponds to the Rfo locus, was used to develop gene-based or so-called "functional" markers for allelic selection of the restorer-of-fertility gene (Rfo) in F_1-hybrid breeding of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Polymorphic sequences among Rfo alleles of diverse breeding lines of radish were examined by sequencing the Ppr-B alleles. However, presence of Ppr-B homolog, designated as Ppr-D, interferes on specific PCR amplification of Ppr-B in certain breeding lines. The organization of Ppr-D, resolved by genome walking, revealed extended homology with Ppr-B even in the promoter region. Interestingly, PCR amplification of Ppr-D was repeatedly unsuccessful in certain breeding lines implying the lack of Ppr-D in these radishes. Ppr-B could only be successfully amplified for analysis through designing primers based on the sequences unique to Ppr-B that exclude interference from Ppr-D gene. Four variants of Rfo alleles were identified from 20 breeding lines. A combination of three molecular markers was developed in order to genotype the Rfo locus based on polymorphisms among four different variants. These markers will be useful in facilitating F_1-hybrid cultivar development in radish.

Thirty-two germplasms of Korean adlay landraces were examined to analyse the genetic relationship through the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) approach. Total number of AFLP products generated by 12 selective primer combinations was 882. The number of polymorphic fragments by each primer combination greatly varied from 4 to 51 with a mean of 20.3, bands visible on the polyacrylamide gel. A genetic similarity coefficient was used for cluster analysis following UPGMA (unweighted pair grouping method of averages) method. The resulting clusters were represented in the form of a dendrogram. The clustering was not tight in the dendrogram. There was generally no clear grouping of the adlay according to the geographic regions in which germplasms were collected. The present AFLP analysis imply that although Korean adlay displayed a larger amount of AFLP variation within germplasms, the variation was shown independently without reflecting a clinal variation. This study demonstrated that AFLP method can be used to examine the genetic relationships among different germplasms of adlay.