Buffer materials play an important role in preventing the leakage of radionuclides from the residue. The mineralogical properties of these buffer materials are critical in repository design. This study presents the fundamental properties of Na-type MX80 and a novel Ca-type Bentonil- WRK. The CaO to MgO ratio in Bentonil-WRK was approximately 1:1, and the CaO to Na2O ratio was approximately 2.8:1. These results suggest that Bentonil-WRK demonstrates a lower swelling index compared to Gyeongju bentonite due to its CaO-to-MgO ratio’s proximity to 1:1, despite having a higher montmorillonite content than Gyeongju bentonite. The results of this research can provide useful foundational data for the evaluation of the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical behavior of buffer materials.

This study analyzed the association between IFRS adjustments, measured with the IFRS reconciliations, and the subsequent meeting of target earnings. IFRS adjustments include the amounts to be adjusted intentionally, as well as the differences in accounting standards. This study estimated intentional IFRS adjustments and analyzed their association with meeting target earnings. As the results of our analysis, meeting target earnings was associated positively with intentional IFRS adjustments for the total assets, was negatively associated with them for current assets, and was positively associated with them for non-current assets. Since understatement of current assets can be realized into earnings in a short period of time, it seems that current assets were underestimated intentionally in order to meet target earnings subsequently. In contrast, it is considered that non-current assets were overestimated to make them more likely to meet target earnings either by increasing the firm size or by improving financial solvency. The results of this study imply that IFRS adjustments are useful to manage earnings for meeting target earnings. Since accounting standards may be established and revised constantly, which adjustments for them may occur, the results on IFRS adjustments are expected to have implications for investors, policy-makers, and standards establishment entities.