This study was performed to investigate the flora of Gangneung-si (Kangwon-do). The collected vascular plants were composed of all 903 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 755 species, 1 subspecies, 124 varieties, and 23 forms of 450 genera under 126 families. Among the investigated vascular plants, 16 taxa were Korean endemic species. Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa. The special plants based on floral region by Ministry of Environment (2006) were 75 taxa; V rank species 2 taxa, IV rank species 9 taxa, III rank species 21 taxa, II rank species 14 taxa, and I rank species 29 taxa. A naturalized plants were 45 species, correspond to 15.5% of totaling 290 species appeared in South Korea. Floristic geography of the investigated area was regarded as the boundary between middle regions in floristic pattern of the Korean peninsula.

Hyphessobrycon eques is a famous fish for ornamental fish market and aquarium. They are inhabit in regions of Amazon and Paraguay River basin. Serpae fishs were investigated 2–3 males are chased to female, and then males attempted to simulate the females abdomen. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators at 28oC. The fertilized eggs had adhesive and demesal characteristics and had a mean diameter of 0.92 ± 0.01 mm. Larvae hatched at 16 hrs post fertilization. The hatched larvae averaged 2.90 ± 0.16 mm in total length (LT). Complete yolk sac resorption and mouth opening occurred on the third day post hatching. At 45 days post hatching, the larvae were 12.5 ± 1.60 mm LT and had reached the juvenile stage.