Recently, the necessity of designing and applying tool materials that perform machining of difficult-to-cut materials in a cryogenic treatment where demand is increasing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of cryogenically treated WC-5 wt% NbC hard materials fabricated by a pulsed current activated sintering process. The densely consolidated specimens are cryogenically exposed to liquid nitrogen for 6, 12, and 24 h. All cryogenically treated samples exhibit compressive stress in the sintered body compared with the untreated sample. Furthermore, a change in the lattice constant leads to compressive stress in the specimens, which improves their mechanical performance. The cryogenically treated samples exhibit significant improvement in mechanical properties, with a 10.5 % increase in Vickers hardness and a 60 % decrease in the rupture strength compared with the untreated samples. However, deep cryogenic treatment of over 24 h deteriorates the mechanical properties indicating that excessive treatment causes tensile stress in the specimens. Therefore, the cryogenic treatment time should be controlled precisely to obtain mechanically enhanced hard materials.

The present study investigated the intra-vitam larval migration of Anisakis pegreffii, which is naturally infected, from the intestine to the viscera and the musculature of live spotty-bellied greenling, Hexagrammos otakii, under the different seawater temperatures. The results showed that the increase in the ratio of larval migration from the intestine to the viscera correlated with the increase in the water temperature in the aquarium. The intra-vitam larval migration ratios from the intestine to the viscera were 60% (63/105) at 15°C, 1.64% (3/183) at 12°C, 1.16% (2/172) at 9°C and 1.42% (2/141) in the control group (7.5°C). The free larvae showed no, slight and strong movement at 9°C, 12°C and 15°C, respectively, in saline water, and the larvae were present in a coiled state at 9°C and 12°C. The results suggest that temperature plays an important role in the intra-vitam larval migration of A. pegreffii. In addition, the free larval behavior of A. pegreffii in vitro increased with increase in temperature. Therefore, to prevent human anisakiasis caused by the consumption of raw fish, it is important that the temperature of the aquarium must be maintained below 12°C, which is the critical temperature zone.

We studied the infection rate of and various metacercariocidal approaches to controlling Gymnophalloides seoi for prevention of human infection in cultured and natural oysters in Korea. The selected survey areas were Aphae-do (Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do), which is an endemic area for G. seoi, and Tongyeong (Geonsangnam-do), which is the main production area of oysters in Korea. In the Tongyeong area, the metacercariae of G. seoi were not detected in cultured oysters (0/201) or wild oysters (0/134). Seventy-two G. seoi metacercariae were observed in 33 of 265 natural oysters collected from Aphae-do; however, metacercariae were not detected in the cultured oysters (0/1101) purchased from the Daejeon Fish Market. To investigate the viability of G. seoi metacercariae, various metacercariocidal treatments were used with 3.5% saline and oyster juice used as positive controls. The metacercariae survived for 75.4 h in 3.5% saline and 112.6 h in oyster juice. After the metacercariocidal treatment, G. seoi metacercariae were survived for 13.29 min in tap water, < 20 sec in 4.3% vinegar, no effect in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 70°C water for 1 sec, but 1 sec in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 90°C water for 1 sec. The greatest metacercariocidal effect on G. seoi was from rinsing oysters in 90°C water followed by those from treatment with 20% ethyl alcohol, 4.3% vinegar, and tap water. However, we suggest that the most actual prevention to G. seoi human infection is rinsing the oysters with tap water for at least 30 min.

한국산 금좀벌아과의 4종 Diglochis sylvicola (Walker), Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead과 가시금좀벌아과 아과의 4종 Lamprotatus duplicatus (Kamijo), L. hikosanus (Kamijo), Stictomischus momoii Kamijo, S. scaposus Thomson을 처음 보고한다. 이 중 3속 Diglochis Förster, Paracarotomus Ashmead, Stictomischus Thomson 은 한국에 처음 보고되는 속이다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 금좀벌아과와 가시금좀벌아과의 속 검색표와 진단 형질의 사진을 제공하였다.

기후변화협약에 따라 전 세계적으로 온실가스 배출을 지구온난화의 주된 원인으로 지목하고 국제적 협력을 통해 저감 방안을 모색하고 있으며 국내에서도 건설 산업분야를 포함한 7개의 각 산업분야에서 온실가스 배출량을 줄이기 위한 방안으로 다양한 제도와 정책을 시행중에 있다. 제21차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국 총회(2015년 파리)에서 한국은 2030년까지 온실가스 감 축 노력을 전혀 하지 않았을 때 예상되는 배출량(BAU) 대비 37%를 줄이겠다는 쉽지 않은 목표를 제시하였다. 이에 건축물 분야에서도 2030년까지 BAU 26.9%의 온실가스를 감축하기 위하여 제도적으 로 녹색건축물 인증제도(G-SEED)를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 녹색건축물 인증제도(G-SEED) 는 정부의 제정 취지와 달리 전생애주기별 평가가 아닌 용도별 평가만 가능하고 또한 건축 물의 생애주기 동안 CO₂의 배출량에 대한 정량적 평가도 할 수 없는 특징을 가지고 있다. 따라서 국내 녹색건축물 인증제도는 세계 기후변화협약에 따른 기후변화에 대응하여 건물 부문에서 저감 목표인 온실가스의 배출량 달성과 상호 연계된 평가 도구라 할 수 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현행 녹색건축물 인증제도(G-SEED)가 온실가스의 배출량을 정량적으 로 평가 반영하고 건물의 거주성과 탄소경제성을 동시에 고려하여 실질적으로 기후변화 대 응 법률의 기본적 취지를 달성할 수 있도록 녹색건축물지수 개념의 녹색건축물 인증제도의 개선을 제안하였다.

Lentinula edodes is known by oak mushroom. It has been favored as delicious and nutritious food and the low-calorie food with a high nutritional value. It is also functional food since it contains a material well-known for its medicinal benefits. Since the growth and quality of oak mushrooms are sensitively affected by environmental conditions, an adequate environmental control is very essential to improve the yield and quality under protected cultivation. The main objectives of the study were to investigate cultural characteristics of mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting of Lentinula edodes. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of L. edodes were PDA and MYA. Similarly, optimum temperature was 25℃. Malt extract(2%) and yeast extract(0.2%) were optimum carbon and nitrogen sources. Optimal culture period was 110~120 days in sawdust medium. Among different five log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting productivity were observed in Quercus variabilis sawdust(20.9%).