The rate of resistant pest emergence has accelerated due to the continuous use of pesticides. Therefore, it is important to formulate insecticide resistance management measures and effective control methods for pest. Bemisia tabaci, a greenhouse pest, causes direct damage to crops such as growth inhibition and leaf discoloration at all developmental stages except for eggs. It also indirectly damages plants by secreting honeydew, which covers surrounding leaves and fruits, leading to sooty mold development. In this study, eight insecticides with high usage rates, categorized by their mode of action, were selected. Samples of Bemisia tabaci were collected from six regions, and resistance analysis were conducted. The results showed that Flonicamid exhibited a resistance ratio of 8.91 in Sejong, while Pyriproxyfen showed a high resistance ratio of 63.56 in Gunwi. Fluxametamide, Spinetoram, Cyantraniliprole, Dinotefuran, Pyridaben, and Milbemectin displayed resistance ratio ranging from 0.02 to 1.14 in most regions, except for Flonicamid and Pyriproxyfen.

The hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) of the honeybee worker produces royal jelly (RJ) and has a developmental cycle closely related to the division of labor. In this study, we investigated to compare the HPG acini diameter of differently aged worker bees with high royal jelly producing colony (HRC) or less producing colony (LRC). Additionally, we also evaluated whether the fresh weight of the head is a reliable indicator of the developmental status of HPG. The HRC showed a significantly higher RJ production about two-times as compared with those of the LRC. We measured the HG-diameters on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15. The microscopic analysis revealed that the acini size of the HRC was significantly larger than the LRC. In addition, the acini diameter of HRC was 15% longer than the LRC on the first day after emerging. It was shown that the fastest development during 3 days which is preparing for nurse the brood. The HPG acini diameters increased in both colonies in a similar fashion until day 12 and then decreased. We also compared the fresh head weight of the experimental colonies, differences were similar to the development of HPG. Therefore, high royal jelly production may have a positive correlation between HPG acini size and the fresh head weight.

This study has investigated the effect of isometric contractile force and muscle activity applying sperficial heat according to the time from the biceps brachii muscle. In this study, 20 university students participants without musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. By applying a hot pack 5min, 10min, 20min and 30min respectively. After that measurement are skin temperature, contractile force and muscle activity. Skin temperature of the hot 5 min applied that rapidly changing. Increasing the time it takes to apply a variance has been reduced(p<.001). Isometric contractile force was not statistically significant but highest when applying the hot pack 5 minutes and lowest when applying the hot pack 30 minutes(p<.001). Muscle activity and median frequency was highest when applying the hot pack 5 minutes. To analyze the above results, it was found that isometric contractile force and muscle activity changed according to the applying time. These result lead us to the conclusion that this study will be more evidence for changes in muscle contraction to apply hot pack on clinic.

분리층 두께가 5 μm이며 Si/Al 몰비가 1.5인 Na형 faujasite 제올라이트 분리막을 이차성장 공정에 의하여 제조하였고, 투과부에 13X 제올라이트 흡착제 충진 전후의 진공모드에서의 CO2/N2 분리거동을 CO2/N2 몰비가 1인 혼합기체에 대하여 30℃에서 평가하였다. 충진된 13X 제올라이트 흡착제는 CO2 투과도와 CO2/N2 선택도를 동시에 증진시켰다. 이 현상은 13X 제올라이트 흡착제 충진이 다공성 α-알루미나 지지체의 기공채널을 통한 CO2 탈출을 증진시킴으로써 faujasite 제올라이트/α-알루미나 상계면에서의 CO2 탈착을 증진시켰기 때문으로 설명되었다. 본 논문으로부터 흡착제와 분리막의 혼성화는 일반적으로 보여지는 선택도와 투과도의 역비례 관계를 획기적으로 개선할 방법임이 확인되었다.