Background : Constipation is can refer to bowel movements that are rare or hard for pass. Constipation is common symptom in current people and the treatment of constipation focused on the use of medicines or physical intervention. The aim of this study are investigates the effects of modified-extracts of Salicornia herbacea (S. herbacea) L. on constipation model. Methods and Results : To investigate the effect of these extracts on constipation model with Sprague-Dawley rats by loperamide administration, we orally administered various dosage of modified-extracts of S. herbacea. L. Then, we checked constipation-related parameters such as fecal number, colon weight, colonic transmit length, colon length as compared to the controls and ameliorated in a dose dependent manner. The results indicated that modified-extracts of S. herbacea. L. was ameliorated constipation in SD rat model. Conclusion : Based on the results, modified-extracts of S. herbacea L. and its many ingredients were considered to have effects on constipation.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of chopped and non-chopped rice straw on characteristics of silage-basedtotal mixed ration (TMR) according to the particle size, laceration, and in situ dry matter (DM) degradation. The threerice straw silages as low moisture unchopped (LMUC; 32.75% of moisture, unchopped), high moisture unchopped(HMUC; 42.05% of moisture, unchopped), and high moisture chopped (HMC; 44.71% of moisture, chopped to 30cmlengths) were tested. Samples were collected at every 5 minutes from 10 min of pre-mixing to 50 min. The percentageof >19mm in LMUC and HMC was decreased to 7.23% and 7.74% (p<0.05), respectively, and the percentage of 8mm>was increased to 5.81% and 5.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the laceration of forage by a TMR mixer showed that therewas little change in the reduction of 1.26% in HMC, but was reduced to 7.53% and 16.06% in LMUC and HMUC,respectively. The peNDF>8 was maintained 17~18.5% of the optimal requirement level for 15 to 45 min mixing in LMUCand for 30 to 50 min mixing in HMC, but it exceeded the level of peNDF>8 in the range of 21.49 to 22.53% for 50minmixing in HMUC. However, ruminal in situ DM degradation appeared as LMUC>HMUC>HMC. Therefore, theseresults suggest that the rice straw silage may be useful for high-yielding lactating cows, if it can be supplied with theadequate peNDF, and the limiting factor on DMI and DM degradation was reduced by crushing of the plant tissue, althoughthe rice straw silage was concerned to low quality forage.