수출입 묘목류에 있어서 깍지벌레류는 주요한 해충으로 다양한 묘목류에서 검출되고 있다. 깍지벌레류 중 우리나라의 소나무에 피해를 주고 있는 소나무굴깍지벌레는 연 2회 발생하는 해충으로 1세대는 4월, 2세대는 8월에 발생하여 소나무 잎에 피해를 준다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수출입 묘목류에서 검출되는 깍지벌레류의 소독효과에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 포스핀과 에틸포메이트 그리고 메틸브로마이드를 이용하여 소나무굴깍지벌레를 대상으로 훈증효과를 검정하였다. 포스핀을 소나무굴깍지벌레 알을 대상으로 0.06 mg/L 이상 처리시 난부화억제율은 100%였으며, 에틸포메이트 처리의 경우 성충은 2.6 mg/L, 알은 7.4 mg/L에서 100% 살충활성을 보였다. 그리고 메틸브로마이드를 40 g/㎥으로 2시간 훈증처리시 소나무굴깍지벌레 성충은 100% 치사하였으며, 알의 경우 26.0 mg/L을 처리했을 때 100%부화억제 효과를 보였다.

최근 해충방제를 위해 유인헬기와 무인헬기를 이용한 수도작, 과수, 산림 등에서 대면적으로 약제살포가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 헬기는 비교적 높은 고도에서 비행하면서 약제를 살포하여 살포여건에 따라 약제가 목적이외의 지역으로 표류하여 부작용을 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 소나무림의 소나무재선충 매개충과 밤나무림의 종실해충 방제지를 대상으로 유인헬기(소형, 대형)와 무인헬기(드론)의 약제살포 입자의 비산양상을 조사하고 다른 한편으로는 유·무인 헬기를 이용한 약제살포 실연을 통해 입자의 비산 양상을 조사하였다. 방제 실행지 조사에서 유인헬기(대형)의 경우 약제 입자의 최대 비산거리는 100 m였으며, 무인헬기(드론)의 경우 비산거리 30 m인 것으로 나타났다. 유무인 헬기를 이용한 실연 조사에 있어서도 약제입자의 최대 비산거리는 소형헬기의 경우 30 m, 대형헬기의 경우에는 100 m였으며, 드론의 경우에는 30 m로 나타났다. 동일한 조건에서 약제입자는 특정방향으로 비산되는 경향을 보여 풍향의 영향이 크게 미치는 것으로 판단되며 동일한 살포기종에 있어서 조사 시기에 따라 비산거리에 차이를 보이는 것은 약제살포 시간대의 풍속이 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

The Black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae is one of the most serious in black pine, Pinus thunbergii forests in Korea. Since this pest was first reported in Goheung, Korea in 1963, which is gradually spread into neighboring regions and now occurs in many regions of the southern and eastern part of the Korean peninsula. The monitoring for distribution of M. thunbergianae was able to observed by naked eye egg sacs and pupa of male on the host until now. Therefore, this monitoring was very difficult in the low density of M. thubergianae. This experiment was conducted to use simple and practical moving cross-shaped flat trap for monitoring of M. thunbergianae. The monitoring of M. thunbergianae using the device was carried out to southern regions of the Korean peninsula. The first emergence of male showed mid. March in Namhae and late march in Busan, Jinju and Pohang. The peak of emergence showed late March in Namhae and early April in the other regions. When the number of M. thunbergianae intermediate nymph showed 58~59, 11~44 and 8~25 on 39.25 ㎠ bark area of the black pine, Pinus thubergii for 1 week, the number of captured its male adult was 58~83, 67~488 and 1~55 on the moving cross-shaped flat trap (10× 13㎝), respectively. The low density of M. thunbergianae was some few the number of capture, but there were no significant difference in its high density. Also, the number of captured its male adult was no significant in the different color (yellow, red, white and blue) of the moving cross-shaped flat trap.

The most effective methods against pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, PWD), black pine bast scale (Matsucoccus thunbergianae), pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis) is the trunk injection of insecticides. The period of trunk injection that was considered with ecology and physiology of pests such as pine wilt disease, black pine bast scale and pine needle gall midge, was applied from Dec. to next Feb. and June, Dec. respectively. And there are differences in quantities of being injected chemicals to pine trees by the period of trunk injection. Thus, we investigated to prevent the effect of insecticides, to estimate the effect under the trunk injection of insecticides for pine trees against pests by the injecting period and time, boring site, opening and shutting of injection site. On Pinuns thunbergii, it was examined to figure out the effect of insecticides by the injecting period, twice a month on a sunny day around 10 AM from January to September. Injecting of insecticides was tested at a dose of 5ml per cm dbh of a pine tree after boring with hand drill at 50 cm high from the ground. As a result, abmectin 1.8% EC and phospamidon 50% SL were injected over 90% of mortalities from the end of January to the middle of March but as time goes by, injecting insecticides tended to decrease. To compare the volume of injecting insecticides in a day, between 10 AM and 2 PM on February 23rd, abamectin 1.8% EC was injected at a dose of 5ml per pine trees with micro pipette after boring with a drill machine at 50 cm high from the ground. As a result, injecting insecticide of a pine which was injected around 10 AM was completely injected and about 90% of the insecticide was injected in case of a pine that was injected around 2 PM. Trunk injection of insecticides was examined to figure out differences of the volume of injected insecticides before and after rain. There was no difference not only the rainfall but also the bored direction.

Trunk injection of nematicides is applied to prevent pine wilt disease(PWD). Although the trunk injection of nematicides is effective to PWD prevention, it is not effective to vector insects such as adults of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius. Thus, This study was investigated for the insecticidal activity and the effect of feeding deterrence by injecting to pine trees with acetamiprid. For screening effective nematicides, some insecticides were injected to pines on December 30th, 2008 and their insecticidal activities and feeding areas of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius were investigated in the insects breeding dishes (100× 40mm) where put on 1 to 2-year-old twig which was selected from injected pine trees in early June. As a result, insecticidal activity and feeding deterrence of acetamicprid were most effective. Feeding areas of M. alterantus adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of healthy pine trees, were 170.3±107.0 mm2 and 258.0±123.2 mm2 respectively. And Feeding areas of M. alterantus adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of pines injected at a dose of 0.3 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were 57.7±72.3 mm2 and 65.7±51.2 mm2 respectively and their mortalities also were 0%, 28.6%. The feeding areas of M. alterantus adults tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of pine trees injected at a dose of 0.6 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were not fed on it and the mortalities were 28.0%, 57.1% respectively. In case of the feeding areas of M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of healthy pine trees, it was 112.±35.1 mm2 and 159.2±65.2 mm2 respectively. And the feeding areas of M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig and 2-year-old twig of injected pine trees at a dose of 0.3 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid were 0.61±0.0 mm2 and 8.1±12.4 mm2 and both mortalities were 23.1%. Although M. saltuarius adults, when tested with 1-year-old twig of a pine tree injected at a dose of 0.6 ml per cm dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid, were not fed on it but M. saltuarius adults tested with 2-year-old twig of the same pine tree were 2.0±3.7 mm2 and their mortalities were 53.8%, 61.5% respectively. We investigated insecticidal activities, the effects of feeding deterrence of acetamiprid for vector insects where fed twigs of injected pines by stop up hole with a cork or not, and the trunk injection to pine trees at a dose of 0.5, 1 ㎖ per ㎝ dbh of a pine tree with acetamiprid on the early June. As a result, all of the vector insects were not fed and the feeding area was within 11 ㎟ and the mortality of M. alternatus was 70%.