본 시험은 논에서 벼 대체 여름 사료작물인 수수류를 논 재배하여 생육특성과 수량에서 우수한 품종을 선발할 목적으로 2008년부터 2009년까지 2년간에 걸쳐 충남 천안 농가 포장에서 수행하였다. 도입품종인 수수류 10품종 중에서 ‘Sordan79’는 습해에 비교적 강하고 2차 재생이 잘되며 당도가 높고 병해와 충해에 강한 생육 특성을 보였고 수량 측면에서도 생초수량이 ha 당 92,492 kg, 건물수량이 21,090kg으로 가장 우수한 품종이었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때 중부지역에서 벼 대체 사료작물인 수수류를 논에 재배 할때는 배수가 양호한 논의 선정이 필요하고 수수류 품종 중에서는 ‘Sordan79’를 재배하는 것이 적응성이나 생산성 측면에서 가장 유리하다고 할 수 있다.

This experiment was carried out to know adaptability and forage production and quality of corn and corn + soybean intercropping for silage at paddy field in Chungnam province. growth, forage production and quality of silage corn was higher in case of corn and soybean intercropping than that of corn single planting at paddy field. The height of stem of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping was somewhat lower than Kwangpyongok single planting and higher at ear height and stem diameter. Fresh yield of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping was the highest as 45.8 tons per ha among corn monoculture, corn + soybean intercropping. The dry yield of Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping at paddy field was the highest as 20.5 tons per ha among corn monoculture and corn + soybean intercropping. The result of this study showed that 'Kwangpyongok and Sword bean intercropping' had good forage productivity and quality of silage compared with corn monoculture, corn and common bean intercropping.

Plant height of 'Composite 28' was 89㎝ and heading date was on 4 May with green leaf color and showed high yield among three composite lines. A visual score of winter field survival of 'Composite 28' was 1.0. 1st dry matter yield of 'Composite 28' in Cheonan was 8.64ton per ㏊ compared to introduced variety 'Amba'(7.20ton/㏊). Heading date of 'Composite 28' was 7 days earlier than check variety, 'Amba'.

To get good productivity and high feed value of forage, we develop to new Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) 'Kogreen'.variety. In Suwon, heading date of 'Kogreen' was on May 3 but in Yonchun was on 8 May that was 2 day later than that of 'Florida 80' and dry matter yield is 12.7ton/㏊, and had a good cold tolerance.

Antibiotics marker-free with herbicide-resistant tall fescue plants were produced through Agrobacterium: mediated transformation system. Embryogenic calli derived calli were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the pCAMBIA3300 vector containing the bar and the CP4-EPSPS genes. The PPT-resistant calli and plants were selected with 10 ㎎/L PPT, respectively. Soil-grown plants were obtained about 14-16 weeks after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Genetic transformation of the regenerated plants growing under selection was demonstrated by PCR, and Southern blot analysis revealed that one copies of the transgene were integrated into the plant genome of each transgenic plant. Expression of the bar and CP4-EPSPS genes in transgenic plants was confirmed by Northern blot analysis and CP4-EPSPS genes in transgenic plant ELISA uses antibody protein by ELISA Assays. Transgenic plants sprayed of two herbicides with glufosinate ammonium or glyphosate remained green and healthy. We therefore report here a successful and reliable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of two herbicide-resistances and this method may be useful for routine transformation and has the potential to develop new varieties of tall fescue with several important genes.

In the present study, we have developed a high-frequency plant regeneration system for Italian ryegrass via callus culture using mature seeds as explants. Optimal embryogenic callus induction was found to occur in MS medium containing 5 ㎎ 1?¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 ㎎ 1?¹ BA, 500 ㎎ 1?¹ L-proline, 1 g 1?¹ casein hydrolysate, 30 g 1?¹ sucrose, 7 ㎎ 1?¹ AgNO₃, 2 ㎎ 1?¹ CuSO₄ and solidified with 3 g 1?¹ Gelrite. The highest regeneration rate was obtained in MS medium containing 1 ㎎ 1?¹ 2,4-D, 5 ㎎ 1?¹ BA, 500 ㎎ 1?¹ L-proline, 1 g 1?¹ casein hydrolysate, 1 ㎎ 1?¹ thiamine-HCl, 30 g 1?¹ sucrose, 7 ㎎ 1?¹ AgNO₃, 2 ㎎ 1?¹ CuSO₄ and solidified with 3 g 1?¹ Gelrite. By using the most effective treatment determined for each parameter, the highest rates of embryogenic callus formation (48.9%) and regeneration (47.6%) were obtained with the Hwasan 101 cultivar. The overall plant regeneration rates of the examined cultivars ranged from 7.5% to 23.2%. Thus, optimization of regeneration frequency using mature seeds as explant material may offer a simple and efficient protocol for Italian ryegrass that may improve molecular breeding of this species.

In the present study, genotypic variation of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Korean Italian ryegrass has been evaluated. Mature seed-derived calli of a total of seven cultivars were infected and co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA1301, which contains a reporter gene (gus) and a plant selectable marker gene conferring resistance to hygromycin (hpt) in the T-DNA region. The effects of several factors such as callus type and callus age on transformation frequency and the expression of the GUS gene were investigated. The highest transformation frequency (6.7%) was obtained with the Hwasan 101 cultivar when 9-week-old calli (type-I) were inoculated with Agrobacterium. The overall transformation rates of the examined cultivars ranged from 0.4% to 6.7%. GUS histochemical assays, PCR, and southern analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated that transgenes were successfully integrated into the genome of Italian ryegrass. Thus, optimization of transformation frequency and selection of a suitable cultivar of Italian ryegrass may improve molecular breeding of this species.

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important grass species in the world's temperate zones. It is used as high-quality forage in pastures and for recreational use as turf in golf courses, lawns and parks. Genetic improvement of perennial ryegrass is difficult due to its self-incompatibility. Consequently, progress by conventional breeding can be slow. Genetic transformation is an alternative that permits direct introduction of useful genes into a plant's genome and is becoming a powerful tool to complement conventional breeding. To improve environmental stress tolerance and quality of perennial ryegrass by introducing better and useful genes into the genome, we have developed a rapid and efficient transformation system using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system.

Environmental stress is a growing problem for the productivity of forage crops. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to several abiotic stresses is a fundamental process that interrupts several physiological processes and causes a significant reduction on growth and yield of many forage crops. Molecular breeding such as genetic transformation has become a popular biotechnological tool for improving forage quality as well as improves tolerance to various abiotic stresses. As a first step of genetic transformation in tall fescue, we established an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol using mature seed-derived embryogenic callus. After optimization of the transformation system, several genes of interest have been used to generate abiotic stress tolerant forage grasses. We generated transgenic tall fescue plants expressing NDPK genes under the control of the oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter. Transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Results in the current study, suggest that NDPK mediated multiple stress tolerance by increasing the expression of genes involved in antioxidant and protective functions, possibly through activation of an MAPK cascade.

In the present study, we have used an annealing-control-primer (ACP)-based differentially display RT-PCR method to identify salt-stress-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in barley leaves. Using 120 ACPs, a total of 11 up-regulated genes were identified and sequenced. Temporal expression patterns of some up-regulated DEGs in response to salt stress were further analyzed by Northern blot analysis. The possible roles of these identified genes are discussed within the context of their putative role in response to salt stress. Thus, the identification of some novel genes-such as SnRK1-type protein kinase; 17 kDa, class I, small heat shock protein; and RNase S-like protein precursor genes-may offer a new avenue for better understanding the salt stress response in plants, knowledge which might be helpful for developing future strategies.

In this study, we conducted to select the promising crops for both uses in the bioethanol and forage production in Korea. The result indicated t㏊t Natsukaje (guinea grass), Gwangpyeongok (corn), Jumbo (sorghum×sudangrass hybrid), SS405 (sorghum×sorghum hybrid), Millex32 (pearl millet), Jeju barnyard grass), Alamo (switch grass) and Selection75 (klein grass) showed the production of biomass from the highest to the lowest in order. However, the order of the production of quality forage was, from the highest to the lowest, Natsukaje (guinea grass), Jumbo (sorghum×sudangrass hybrid), SS405 (sorghum×sorghum hybrid), Gwangpyeongok (corn), Millex32 (pearl millet), Selection75 (klein grass), Jeju (barnyard grass), and Alamo (switch grass). We concluded the Natsukaje (guinea grass) was the best bioethanol crop, and also the Natsukaje (guinea grass) was the best for forage production.

Nowadays, importance of regional specific on-farm research is largely increased in order to reduce the feeding cost of cattle. For this project, three regional districts (Yeongam, Yeonggwang and Jangheung) were selected wherein the cultivation area of forage production were largely increased from 1,200 ('08) to 2,600 ㏊ ('09) in Yeongam, 1,001('08) to 1,925 ㏊ ('09) in Yeonggwang, and 1,300 ('08) to 2,820 ㏊ ('09) in Jangheung district. Among the forage species, Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley were predominantly cultivated in these regions. On the other hand, rye, grassland and summer annual forages were cultivated very little in a manner of land area. The productivity of forage barley was slightly increased 21.5('06), 26.2('07), and 27.3 MT/㏊ ('08) as silage. The number of farm and cultivation area was also increased remarkably. The present research project will be conducted from 2009 to 2010. Forage production and utilization for reduction of feeding cost, and high quality of Hanwoo beef production will investigated, in a manner of cultivation of forage crops mainly IRG, forage barley, IRG+barley mixture and corn.

RI 폐기물 내에 있는 낮은 방사능의 요오드의 함량을 결정하기 위해 산분해법과 BPGe 감마 선분광계를 이용하는 방법이 개발되었다. 분석에 앞서 모의시료인 제염지 내에 이 일정량 첨가되었으며, 100 mL의 0.4 N 와 100 mL의 9 M , 10 mL의 30% , 1 mL의 를 넣고 산분해과정을 거치면서 증류된 용액을 응축하여 포집하였다. 의 용매추출에 의한 화학 분리과정을 거친 후 를 첨가해서 얻은 AgI 침전물을 여과하고 건조하여 측정하였다. 산분해 과정, 화학 분리과정, 여과 및 침전과정 등 세 단계로 나눠 회수율을 측정한 결과, 각각 94% 이상의 회수율을 나타냈으며, 본 연구의 측정조건에서 최소검출방사능은 0.6 Bq/g이었다.