본 연구는 경상남도 양산시 어곡터널 상단부 비탈면에서 발생한 땅밀림지의 지질, 지형, 물리적 특성을 분석하여 땅밀림 피해방지를 위한 기초자료 를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였다. 대상지는 2020년 8월 말 태풍 ‘마이삭’과 9월 태풍 ‘하이선’으로 인한 집중호우로 인한 발생한 땅밀림지이며, 항공사진을 통해 확인한 결과 2001년 항공사진에는 작업로가 형성되어 있는 것으로 나타났고, 2013년에는 땅밀림 발생지 주변으로 계곡 및 산지 침식의 발생으로 훼손지가 나타났다. 2015년에는 일부 자연적으로 식생이 복원되어 훼손면적은 줄었지만, 2020년 태풍으로 땅밀림이 발생하였다. 주 구성암석은 점질토가 다량 포함되고 풍화가 매우 깊이 진행된 퇴적암으로서, 붕적토 땅밀림으로 나타났으며, 땅밀림에 취약한 지질을 구성하고 있는 지역이다. 땅밀림으로 붕괴된 지역의 산지 상단부는 평평한 지형으로 강우 시 빗물의 집수가 용이한 凹형 지형을 이루고 있어서 산지 하단부에 지하수가 집수되어 땅밀림 붕괴를 가중시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시추조사결과, 땅밀림이 발생한 풍화토, 붕적층과 풍화암층은 약 13.0∼24.5m 깊이의 범위로 땅밀림이 발생한 인장균열과 단차로부터 사면 하단부까지의 붕괴 높이와 유사하였다. 특히 풍화토는 암편과 점토질모래, 붕적층은 자갈 섞인 실트질점토, 풍화암은 암편과 점토질모래로 구성되어 땅밀림에 취약한 지질구성을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 지하수 유동은 남서방향과 남쪽방향으로 향하는 것으로 나타났으며, 지하수의 유동방향과 땅밀림으로 붕괴된 방향과 일치하였다.

A cold roll-bonding process using AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 alloy sheets is performed without lubrication. The roll-bonded specimen is a multi-layer complex aluminum alloy sheet in which the AA1050, AA5052 and AA6061 sheets are alternately stacked. The microstructural evolution with the increase of annealing temperature for the roll-bonded aluminum sheet is investigated in detail. The roll-bonded aluminum sheet shows a typical deformation structure in which the grains are elongated in the rolling direction over all regions. However, microstructural evolution of the annealed specimen is different depending on the type of material, resulting in a heterogeneous microstructure in the thickness direction of the layered aluminum sheet. Complete recrystallization occurs at 250 oC in the AA5052 region, which is lower by 100K than that of the AA1050 region. Variation of the misorientation angle distribution and texture development with increase of annealing temperature also differ depending on the type of material. Differences of microstructural evolution between aluminum alloys with increase of annealing temperature can be mainly explained in terms of amounts of impurities and initial grain size.

한국과 중국은 경제발전으로 인하여 육류 소비 패턴이 지속적으로 변화해왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 중국의 소비자들이 육류를 구매함에 있어 구매요인의 차이가 나타나는지, 나타난다면 그 요인의 차이가 얼마나 나는지 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위해 2017년 8월 28일부터 9월 11일까지 온라인 조사 방식으로 한국과 중국 길림성 소비자를 대상으로 동일한 내용의 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 한국 설문조사에서 339부, 중국 설문조사에서 305부를 회수하여 총 644부의 설문지를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 한․중 양국 소비자의 육류 구매요인 차를 확인하기 위하여 MANOVA분석을 이용하여 그 차이를 살펴보았다. 다음으로 Ordered Probit분석을 통해 각 육류 소비요인과 국가, 나이, 성별 등의 변수 간 차이가 있는지, 차이가 얼마인지 알아보았다. 분석결과 한국과 중국 길림성의 육류 소비요인은 마블링 요인에서만 차이 가 없는 것으로 나타났고 기타 요인에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. Ordered Probit분석 결과 마블링을 제외한 모든 육류요인은 양국 간에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 한국의 응답자의 경우 육류 구매 시 중국 길림성의 응답자보다 맛, 품질, 판매가격, 판매장소, 안전성을 더 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 중국 길림성의 응답자의 경우 한국의 응답자보다 브랜드를 더욱 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.

Star forming galaxies found in the early universe exhibit asymmetric Lyα emission line that results from multiple scattering in a neutral thick medium surrounding the Lyα emission source. It is expected that emergent Lyα will be significantly polarized through a large number of resonance scattering events followed by a number of successive wing scatterings. In this study we adopt a Monte Carlo method to calculate the polarization of Lyα transferred in a very thick static slab of Hi. Resonantly scattered radiation associated with transitions between 1S1 2 − 2P1 2 , 3 2 is only weakly polarized and therefore linear polarization of the emergent Lyα is mainly dependent on the number of off-resonant wing scattering events. The number of wing scattering events just before escape from the slab is determined by the product of the Doppler parameter a and the line center optical depth τ0, which, in turn, determines the behavior of the linear polarization of Lyα. This result is analogous to the study of polarized radiative transfer of Thomson scattered photons in an electron slab, where the emergent photons are polarized in the direction perpendicular to the slab when the scattering optical depth is small and polarized in the parallel direction when the slab is optically thick. Our simulated spectropolarimetry of Lyα shows that the line center is negligibly polarized, the near wing parts polarized in the direction parallel to the slab and the far wing parts are polarized in the direction perpendicular to the slab. We emphasize that the flip of polarization direction in the wing parts of Lyα naturally reflects the diffusive nature of the Lyα transfer process in thick neutral media.

Almost half of primeval galaxies show P-Cygni type profiles in the Lyα emission line. The main underlying mechanism for the profile formation in these systems is thought to be the frequency re-distribution of the line photons in expanding scattering media surrounding the emission source. A Monte Carlo code is developed to investigate the Lyα line transfer in an optically thick and moving medium with a careful consideration of the scattering in the damping wings. Typical column densities and expansion velocities of neutral hydrogen investigated in this study are NH1 ~10 17-20 cm -2 and ΔV ~ 100 km s-1. We investigate the dependence of the emergent profiles on the kinematics and on the column density. Our numerical results are applied to show that the damped Lyα absorbers may possess an expanding H I supershell with bulk flow of ~ 200 km s-l and H I column density NH1 ~ 10 19 cm -2. We briefly discuss the observational implications.

We developed a Monte Carlo code that describes the resonant Lyα line transfer in an optically thick, dusty, and static medium. The code was tested against the analytic solution derived by Neufeld (1990). We explain the line transfer mechanism by tracing histories of photons in the medium. We find that photons experiences a series of wing scatterings at the moment of thier escape from the medium, during which polarization may develop. We examined the amount of dust extinction for a wide range of dust abundances, which are compared with the analytic solution. Brief discussions on the astrophysical application of our work are presented.

Transported deposit was accumulated in a grit chamber built at the mouth of Yeocheoncheon in 1987 with the intention of blocking the influx of sediment into the Ulsan-harbor. This study attempted to analyze the effects of the transported deposit on the water quality at Yeocheoncheon. Only one episode of dredging has been performed in the approximately 25 years since the grit chamber were built, leading to the formation of stagnant water in the grit chamber due to a large amount of transported deposit. The deposit has a relatively high organic content, in the range of 11.7-25.9% (mean 18.3%). It appears that the main reason for the upstream transport of water pollution from the mouth of the Yeocheoncheon is the tides. The effects of organic content and stagnant water on water quality were analyzed using WASP. Moreover, the changes in water quality arising due to the removal of the grit chamber were analyzed. Results indicated that BOD improved by 18.8-100%, while T-P improved by 90.0-617.4%, between the grit chamber and Hanbi-Gyo , which is located 1.3 km away from the grit chamber.

This study evaluated the effect of water level of water resources on water quality in Ulsan. Two reservoirs, Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam, were selected and water quality of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed from 2012 to 2014. And the characteristics of precipitation were also analyzed for 70 years (1945~2014) because runoff of non-point pollutant was strongly affected by precipitation. As a result, water deterioration of Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam were affected in accordance with lowering water level. For example, the concentrations of COD and TN was negatively correlated with the water level when the water level of Sayeon Dam was gradually decreased in 2013. The TN concentration was increased to 1.432 mg/L from 0.875 mg/L while the lowest water level of Sayeon Dam was recorded 45 m in 2014. Additionally the concentration of COD and TN was sensitively increased with 0.213 mg/L/m and 0.058 mg/L/m on account of non-point pollutant runoff. It is indicated that hereafter a control of non-point pollutant runoff is the critical factors to maintain water resources because the contribution of non-point pollutant is expected to increase due to the frequent heavy rain events. Therefore, it is necessary to map out a specific plan for non-point pollutant control based on analyses of runoff characteristics, water pollution sources and reduction plans in water pollutants and to establish a water modelling and database system as a preventive action plan.

Ulsan made its contributions to modern Korea as an industrial city. In the 1960s, Ulsan was appointed as a special industrial zone. After that, industrial complexes were built without environmental considerations so Ulsan was once called “the polluted city”. However, in the early 2000s, the main concern of Ulsan’s policies was gradually shifted from the economic growth to the environmental issues. In order to enhance the environmental quality and to make the Ulsan more environmentally friendly eco-city where human and nature coexist, Ulsan city declared “The Eco-polis Ulsan” in 2004 based on “The Master Plan for Eco-polis Ulsan” which included the eco-industrial park as an action plan. This study aims at defining the concepts of eco-city and policies to build Ulsan-style eco-city as environmentally friendly city and proposing Ulsan as a role model to cities and towns of developing countries. In addition, Ulsan’s EIP project which will be implemented for 15 years from 2005, is elaborated including regulatory issues and technologies to be applied.