Nagan walled town is located on an axis connecting symbolic places, which is a lucky place from the Fengshui point of view because a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents the environmental development of cultural space by blending folk belief, religion, social systems, adminstration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore, it has a sustainable cultural view connected with a formed or formless religious view and an artificial view (walls, government buildings, living houses, cultivated lands, etc.) in a natural landscape. Environmental design techniques, enlarging the meaning and value of living on a mental level, can be found in the arrangement of space composition and settlement of Nagan walled town. The organised spaces of government and residential areas were constructed within the wall with the view of searching for lucky places (from best, better and good places) in order to construct ecological networks (天+地+人, 山+水+方位+人, 地理+生利+山水+人心) according to the outlooks of space and settlement.

The purpose of this research explain the meaning of the environmental design principles and cultural landscape pattern(dualistic space organization) of the Hahoe(河回:winding river village)·the Yangdong(良洞) traditional village. Village’s space organizations based on Shamanism, Yin-yang and Five elements principle, Feng-shui idea, social system and Confucian ideas. And it were accomplish the cultural landscape pattern(village:form+object= pattern) through the frame of settlement space. As a central persons of villages(the Hahoe·the Yangdong) construction, Suhae(西厓) experienced through Chunghyodang­Wonjichongsa­Ogyonchongsa­Pyongsansowon channel(忠孝堂­遠志精舍­玉淵精舍­屛山書院) and Kyomam(謙庵) experienced through Yangjindang­Binyeonchongsa­Kyomamchongsa­Hwachonsodang(養眞堂­賓淵精舍­謙庵精舍­花川書堂) channel. Also Woojae(愚齋) experienced through Suhbackdang­Khankachung­Dongkangsowon(書百堂­觀稼亭­東江書院) and Hoejae(晦齋) experienced through Moochumdang­Hyangdan­Oaksansowon(無添堂­香壇­玉山書院). It is space organization of themselves interact contrast and sequence principles with competition in good faith. And ecological art-space, that is, environmental space organizations of traditional village has been reflected harmony between nature and artificiality, spatial rhythm and sequence, spatial hierarchy between upper classes and humble class, permeability space, asymmetrical balance, aesthetic space perception. The humble classes hold a ceremony Hahoe's Pyolsingut-Talnori(maskdance drama), Dangjae(堂祭:religious service) at the Dang(堂:shamanism spot) and Yangdong's Sohraesulnori, Hohminori. And the upper class hold a ceremony Hahoe's Julbulnori and Yangdong's Chungjanori connected with culture of confucianism. Specially, the cultural structure of the village is evidence of a contrast between the upper class and the humble classes, time, method and location of ceremony(performance).

Yangdong village is located at Kangdong-myun, Kyungju, Kyungsangbuk-do, Korea. There are two major families, the Sons of Wallsung beginned from Son, So(1433～1484) and the Lees of Yeohkang the descendant of Lee, Unjeok. They are lived together under check and help for 500 years. The village located on the hill of Ankang plain. There are Homyung mountain and Songju peak in front of it and Solchang mountain on the back. 勿 shaped ridges form Blue dragon to the east, and White tiger to the west. Ahnrockchon flows from north joined Hyungsan river and flows into Youngilman. Therefore the village is located at mountain on it's back and along with stream. Buildings are deployed on the valley between hills, it is not easily detected, but it give it's atmosphere of mountain village. Village location and space composition combined with natural environment, folk belief, feng-shui, and social system of confucianism. Blended buildings affected between ruling and ruled classes or among different families shown environmental design accomplishing united cultural space. The prospect of Yangdong village, a mountain village, expressed two sides of visible scenery of open inside and invisible from outside. Observation point such as head family house, pavilion, and village school are deployed at the point taking bird's-eye view, which striving mental stability.