본 연구는 간호대학생의 주도적 성향과 학업적 자기효능감이 그릿에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상은 2023년 10월 24일부터 11월 4일까지 경남 지역의 일 개 간호대학에 재학 중인 학생 135명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사 방식으로 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23 Program을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson‘s correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis 를 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 간호대학생의 주도적 성향과 학업적 자기효능감은 그릿과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 그릿 에 영향을 미치는 요인은 주도적 성향, 학업적 자기효능감이었으며 (F=21.12, p <.001), 변수의 설명력은 37.7%이었다. 향후 연구에서는 간 호대학생들의 자신이 추구하는 목표의 성취를 위해 끝까지 노력할 수 있 는 마음의 힘인 그릿 향상을 위해서 끈기와 열정을 향상할 수 있는 주도 적 성향과 학업을 하면서 주어진 과제를 실행해 나가는 노력과 능력인 학업적 자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 다양한 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것이 다.

For the investigation of the stability of purified bee venom(PBV) during the treatment in the temperature range of 50℃ to 120℃ for 24 hours, respectively, melittin contents, antibacterial effects, and cell regenerations were investigated. The changes in the melittin contents of PBV were not significantly different by treatment temperature below 70℃ for 24 houes and 80℃ for 4 hours. However the melttin contents is great decline after 24 hours above 80℃ for 24 hours. Antibacterial effects is not change below 80℃ for 4 houes but significantly decrease above 80℃ for 24 hours. Cell regenerations of PBV on human dermal fibroblast decreased at 80℃ for 24 houes, showing a significant difference from the below 80℃ for 4 houes. Through the temperature stability of PBV results of this study, it was treated that the melittin contents, antibacterial effects and cell regeneration effects of PBV could be maintained above 80℃ for 4 hours.

Royal jelly (RJ) is one of the most attractive functional foods that have been a commercial product, especially in dietetics and cosmetics in many countries. However, RJ has been evoked with dermatitis, acute asthma and anaphylaxis because of major RJ proteins. Therefore, to access water soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) that removed allergy-induced proteins as an effective whitening agent for cosmetics and potential external treatment for topical use, we investigated its ability to inhibit melanin biosynthesis. B16F1 cells were treated with 10 nM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α -MSH) for 48hr, and then were treated with various doses of WSRJ for 36hr. WSRJ (1-10ug/ml) inhibited direct tyrosinase activity and cellular tyrosinase activity, which lead to the decrease of melanin synthesis in α-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells. In addition, we examined RT-PCR and Western blotting for melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1) and 2. WSRJ suppressed mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 in α-MSH stimulated B16F1 cells, and similar to positive control, arbutin. Our findings suggest that WSRJ induced the downregulation of melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase, TRP-1 and 2 activations. It may serve as a new candidate in the new skin-whitening agents.

Royal jelly (RJ) is exclusive food that is secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker honeybees, and it is well known to be a necessary for the growth of the queen honeybee Although fresh royal jelly have been demonstrated to enhance wound healing, the wound healing effects of water soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) have not been elucidated. We investigated whether WSRJ promotes the migration, attachment, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) during in vitro wound healing. HDFs were treated with 1-5ug/ml WSRJ and RJ for up to 24hr following wound formation. Cell migration was assessed by measuring recovery from wound margin, while cell attachment and proliferation were determined by MTT assay. By observing the numbers of cell attached, we confirmed that not only WSRJ but also RJ did not affect on the initial cell adhesion. WSRJ (5 ug/ml) enhanced cell migration rate approximately 84.3% in HDFs at 24hr, whereas RJ (5 ug/ml) increased cell migration rate 71.3% in HDFs at 24hr, which is similar to cell migration rate of WSRJ 1 ug/ml (73.7%). In cell proliferation assays, WSRJ induced an increase in the number of HDFs, compared with control and RJ. In conclusion, WSRJ promotes cell migration with increased cell proliferation in an in vitro wound healing model.