The objectives of this study was to examine experimentally the microexplosion phenomena of single droplet W/O(water-in-oil) type emulsified fuel. Also, measured the combustion characteristics of single droplet emulsified fuel for microexplosion phenomena in atmospheric pressure condition. The larger quantity of adding water makes microexplosion phenomenon with higher intensity of sound level, because larger water droplet has better coalescence for emulsified fuel. The small quantity of adding water makes puffing with lower sound level intensity. In latter period of extinction, large size droplet of the emulsified fuel breaks down rapidly to small size droplet, and microexplosion phenomenon occurs with multi step combustion.

This study developed an optimization model, defined as the IPS (Itinerary for Passenger Satisfaction), for a cruise ship to identify an itinerary that maximizes passenger satisfaction. A 0-1 integer programming model was developed to provide an optimal sequence of ports of call, assigning a destination to each day of the cruise. The concepts of the destination access network and the neighborhood of a destination were designed and manipulated to organize the complex network of destinations so that each next destination is selected within a practical overnight sail. The developed model can also be viewed as a reduced variant of the traveling salesperson problem with less constraints. A set of example tests shows that practical scenarios of the IPS with moderate cruise duration can be easily solved with light computation loads. Considering cruise ship passengers usually make their decisions not relying on only one destination but on an itinerary in its entirety, the purpose of this study was to identify itinerary alternatives to attract potential cruise passengers for attaining maximum occupancy level.

Despite the remarkable continual growth of the world cruise industry, studies have yet to be attempted on many revenue management problems in cruise operations. This paper suggests two schemes that can be easily applied to cruise revenue management: optimal dual pricing and passenger safety level. In optimal dual pricing, a pair of higher and lower prices is applied to cabin reservation through market segmentation. This scheme can be executed with a linear price-response function for the current unreserved cabins. A cruise line could benefit from this scheme to maximize reservation revenue while attaining full occupancy. The dual pricing scheme is also devised to produce only integer demands to suit real management practices. The life boat capacity is an additional service capacity unique to the cruise industry, catering to passengers’ safety. The concept of passenger safety level is defined and computed for any passenger life boat capacity of a cruise ship. It can be used to evaluate the passenger safety of a cruise ship in operation, as well as to determine the number of life boat seats required for a new cruise ship. Hypothetical examples are used to illustrate the operation of these two schemes.