Elite trees of evergreen oaks (Quercus glauca, Quercus acuta, Quercus salicina, and Quercus gilva) were selected from Jeju Island and Wando Island. Elite trees were carried out by modifying the tree selection criteria. Elite trees were selected by height, DBH, clear length, crown diameter, leaf length, and leaf depth. Regarding height, Q. acuta was the highest, and the other three tree species were similar. Clear length showed the same trend as height. In the case of Q. glauca, height showed a positive correlation with DBH, crown diameter and leaf depth. In the case of Q. acuta, positive correlations were shown with all characteristics of DBH, and correlation analysis between DBH and crown diameter, and leaf length and leaf depth also showed positive correlations. In the Pearson correlation coefficient of Q. salicina, height showed a positive correlation with DBH. In the case of Q. gilva, height showed a positive correlation with DBH (0.539). As a result of analyzing the principal components for each of the six growth characteristics, the four species were divided into two principal components with an eigenvalue of 1 or higher, and the cumulative explanatory power was 57% or more. Based on the principal component results, it was possible to confirm the relationship between growth and trait characteristics by species. Still, it was not easy to understand the relationship among each selection tree, so a cluster analysis was performed using the principal component score. Based on the distance levels 5.0 and 6.0 of the selection tree of each species, they were classified into 4-5 clusters. It is judged that the above results can be used as data for the selection of elite trees of evergreen oaks.

The antifungal activity of cork tree extract against three plant pathogenic fungi (Colletrotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Pythium ultimum Trow. and Botrytis cinerea Pers.) was investigated antifungal active substances were identified. Cork tree extract showed concentration-dependent antifungal activity against three plant pathogenic fungi. The cork extract had antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and in particular, showed the most vigorous antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. In cork tree extract, the incidence of strawberry powdery mildew fungus after 7 days of treatment was significantly lower as the treatment concentration increased. Control value against strawberry powdery mildew fungus was 49% of cork tree extract, 69% of berberine chloride, and 67% of berberine bromine, which was lower than 80.5% of Rifzol, a representative antifungal compound, but showed strong antifungal activity. The isolated compound and berberine derivative showed similar effects to Rifzol at the treatment concentration (75 μg/ml), and a concentration of at least 10 μg/ml of fresh weight showed a preventive effect against strawberry powdery mildew fungus. Fractions showing antifungal activity were obtained by TLC, and each fraction was examined for the antifungal activity to obtain fractions showing antifungal activity against three types of pathogenic fungi. The compound isolated through TLC analysis was analyzed by HPLC equipped with an ODS column to obtain the main peak presumed to be berberine, which was confirmed as a berberine through 1H NMR analysis. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as biological pesticides with strong antifungal activity against plant powdery mildew etc.

This study was carried out determination of characteristics of leaf and fruit of 13 astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars cultivated in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. In leaf size, Deabonggam was smaller than that of other astringent persimmon cultivars, however, Dansungsi and Bansi were largest compared to other persimmon cultivars. Fruit width size of Sancheong Deabonggam and Bansi were the biggest. And fruit width size was the biggest in Sancheong Deabonggam. When same cultivars as Dansungsi and Godongsi were cultivated at other regions, it was not somewhat different in fruit weight. The size of fruits of the cultivar varied depending on the maturation of the fruits. In immature fruit, Curigam and Susi cultivars were the biggest and these cultivars were also were the biggest in mature-green fruit. In full ripe fruit, Hamyang Daebonggam and Hadong Daebonggam and Daeheakmu were bigger than that of other cultivars. When the astringent persimmon varieties collected in July were divided into three clusters, group A had a higher leaf area and the lightest fruit weight than the other clusters. In cluster C, the leaf area was small, but the fruit weight was classified as heavier than the other clusters. This study is expected to be widely used for breeding, conservation and processing of sweet persimmons.

The evergreen oak tree, Quercus myrsinaefolia Blume, is not only economically important for wood, medicine, landscape trees, etc., but also becoming more important in terms of ecology due to climate change. However, asexual reproduction was difficult, so this study was conducted to establish the optimum conditions for micropropagation by shoot multiplication. The surface sterilized seeds of Q. myrsinaefolia were successfully germinated in WPM basal medium. BAP (1.0 mg/L) treatment was most effective for inducing multiple shoots. The highest induction rates of adventitious roots from the multiple shoots was shown in the treatment of 1.0 mg/L NAA. Both MS and WPM medium were most effective for growth of multiplied plantlets. For ex vitro acclimatization, the survival rates of multiplied plantlets were 100% in vermiculite and commercial soil. The results of this study can be used for proliferation and supply, and establishment of ex situ conservation of Q. myrsinaefolia elite trees.

Plant regeneration from stems and leaves was carried out for the growth of biomass, hybrid poplar(Populus alba x P. glandulosa)clone, which has various uses for plant purification. Callus was well induced when stem and leaf tissues were cultured in 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D containing MS medium. Shoot regeneration was best induced by zeatin among growth regulators, and Plant regeneration was more regenerated in leaf-derived callus than in stem-derived callus. The growth of regenerated shoots at high and low concentrations of zeatin was similar to that of the control at low concentrations. As the concentration of growth regulators increased, the growth of regenerated shoots showed a big difference among individuals. Hybrid poplar showed color variation of plant stem in medium containing high concentration of growth regulator. Regenerated individuals were in vitro rooted in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L IBA after 2 weeks of culture. and transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization. The study is believed to be widely used for the induction of in vitro variants through organogenesis.