Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved and ra pidly developing cancer treatment regimen, It is a minimally invasive procedure that requires the administration of a photosens iti zer foll owed by the illumination of the tumor with Iigh t of an appropriate wavelength, In the presence of molecular oxygen, cytotoxic intermedi a ries a re produced‘ thus damaging cellular structures containing the photosensitizer , In the present study. we exa mined the effectiveness of newly d evelped chlorin e6- induced PDT on malignant animal tumor model of 3prague-Da wley (3D) ra t Three-week-old male 3D rats we re inocula ted s ,c, on the right f1 ank with our previously esta blished k- ras-trans formed RK3E cell line (RK3E- ras. tota l, 5xl07 cell s) , The experiments were carried out 1 week after inoculation of tumor cell s , by which time the tumors had r eached about 0,7 mm to 1.0 cm in diameter, L3-chlorin e6 (L8 Pharm Co" Gwa ngju, Korea) was admin istrated intravenous ly by the tail vein of 3D rat at a dosage of 10 mg/kg after inhalation a nesthesia of ether, Twenty- four hours a fter L8-chlorin e6 ad ministration, PDT was pe rfol‘med using a laser diode (Geumgwang Co ‘ Ltd‘’ Daejeon, Korea) a t a light dose of 100 J /cm2 and wavelength of 664 nm, A..nimals were monitered daily and tumor volume was measured by calipel The tumor t reated with PDT using Ce6 had significant reduction in tumor s ize examined by gross tumor volume , softex x- ray image, molecular imaging a nalysis, respectively, PCNA immunostaining and TUNEL assay revealed that the treat ed tu mor caused signifi cant inlübition of tumor formati on with decreased tumor cell proliferation a nd increased a poptosis , Our dat a showed Ce6-induced PDT effecti vely arrested the tumor growth by inhibi t ing cell proliferation a nd inducing a poptosis , These findings provide the potential value of Ce6- induced PDT as an a lternative candidate for a nt i- tumor therapy, Furthel bi ochemical and cellular studies will reveal the precise molecul ar mecha ni sm of cell death induced by PDT

Climate change is a very vital issue that can be no longer avoided. Korea has been a top-level country Iin dealing with carbon dioxide emissions since 1960. Many studies have been conducted to suppress or eliminate carbon dioxide emissions, which account for a large portion of greenhouse gases. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), the most practical method of them, plays a significant role. However, these methods have the disadvantage of the limits of geographical distribution and high possibility of re-emission into the atmosphere. Recently, ocean storage has been studied using Accelerated Weathering of Limestone (AWL), a technique for storing carbon dioxide in the ocean as an alternative to CCS, an underground storage. AWL is a method of converting carbon dioxide into concentrated water in the form of bicarbonate ion and discharging it to the ocean to dilute and store it. It does not cause re-emission to the atmosphere, and the discharged concentrated water increases the alkalinity of the ocean to prevent marine acidification. The objective of this study was to understand the behavior of DIC (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) including carbon dioxide during the ocean discharge of bicarbonate ion concentrated water in AWL method. This study area was set near Ulleung-do where sufficient water depth and operational efficiency were secured. CORMIX model was used to calculate the material diffusion by submerged discharge using ship.

Recently, a new port reserves deep water depth for safe navigation and mooring, following the trend of larger ship building. Larger port facilities include long and huge breakwaters, and mainly adopt vertical type considering low construction cost. A vertical breakwater creates stem waves combining inclined incident waves and reflected waves, and this causes maneuvering difficulty to the passing vessels, and erosion of shoreline with additional damages to berthing facilities. Thus, in this study, the researchers have investigated the response of stem waves at the vertical breakwater near the entrance channel and applied numerical models, which are commonly used for the analysis of wave response at the harbor design. The basic equation composing models here adopted both the linear parabolic approximation adding the nonlinear dispersion relationship and nonlinear parabolic approximation adding a linear dispersion relationship. To analyze the applicability of both models, the research compared the numerical results with the existing hydraulic model results. The gap of serial breakwaters and aligned angles caused more complicated stem wave generation and secondary stem wave was found through the breakwater gap. Those analyzed results should be applied to ship handling simulation studies at the approaching channels, along with the mooring test.