Origin of the red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) is South America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, colonies of Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017, and then in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon, Daegu and Ansan in 2018. This study aims to validate 31 microsatlite loci referred from previous study for tracing origin of Solenopsis invicta colonies. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite loci so that we establish the protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We applied 31 microsatellite loci to DNA samples from the RIFA colonies found in Texas and Florida, USA. We will present 31 markers were divided into three injections and the amplification rate for each marker was shown as follows.

The morphological identification of alate aphids needs reliable and appropriate methods such as morphometrics. In previous studies, the seven species which aphids have been known as migrating to potato had been separated into genus levels using specific points of forewing vein (Landmarks). Adding the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, setae of abdomen, etc., we experimented to separate four species of genus Aphis (Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola). After taking each of 25X twenty photographies of four species, we calculated and measured coordinates of landmarks, the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, dorsal setae of 8th abdominal segment, anterior/posterior genital plate setae and cauda, and then performed the principal component analysis using PAST3 and the canonical variate analysis using MORPHO J, only with a landmarks. As results, in PCA, Aphis gossypii has been separated, but the others are overlapping. In CVA, all species of aphis has been separated.

최근 기온이 높아지면서 강원도 대관령 감자 재배지로 날아오는 진딧물 발생이 늘어나고 있다. 그 중 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)은 전 세계적으로 분포하고 경제적으로 중요한 해충으로, 감자, 고추 등 노지작물에 흡즙을 통한 바이러스 매개하고 생육저하를 일으키는 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구는 복숭아혹진딧물의 지리적 차이에 따른 집단의 유전적 관계 규명을 통해 기주식물, 메타집단 등의 군집구조 및 발생패턴을 분석하고, 이러한 요인으로 인한 진딧물 집단의 분산 및 이주 관계를 추정하였다. 최종적으로 개체들 간의 집단유전학적 관계규명을 통해 이들의 확산과 비래 양상을 규명하고자 한다.

Origin of Red imported fire ant (RIFA : Solenopsis invicta) is Central America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017 and then in 2018 at a construction site in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon and in Daegu. This study aims to confirm the origin of invasive colonies of Solenopsis invicta. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite markers so that we establish the tracing protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We justified 66 microsatellite markers already developed using DNA from the RIFA found in Incheon Harbor. As results, 30 markers were selected to facilitate amplification and fragment analysis.

진딧물의 조기 방제를 위해 유시충의 동정이 필요하나 적절한 분류 동정법이 존재하지 않아 분류동정법의 기초자료로써 진딧물의 앞날개의 시맥을 형태계측학을 통하여 분석하여 진딧물의 앞날개로 분류가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 현재 우리나라에 알려진 감자 비래 진딧물 10종 중, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale, Myzus persicae, Brachycaudus helichrysi 총 7종의 유시충 표본에서 앞날개 부분을 25x 배율의 사진을 촬영하여 앞날개 이미지 파일을 확보했으며, 이미지 파일은 tpsDig2를 사용하여 앞날개 맥의 Landmarks를 표시하고, PASTsoftware 를 사용하여 각 진딧물의 Landmarks에 대한 주성분분석(Principle component analysis;PCA)을 수행하였다. 총 7종에 대한 PCA 결과, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale 는 다른 6종과 확연하게 구별할 수 있었으며, Myzus persicae 또한 다른 종들과 구별될 수 있었다. Aphis 속 4종과 Brachycaudus helichrysi 는 밀집되어 서로 구별하기 힘들어, 이 5종에 대한 PCA 수행하였다. 그 결과, Aphis fabae 와 Brachycaudus helichrysi 는 서로 구별될 수 있나 다른 3종에 대해서는 구별하기가 어려웠다. 위 분석결과 진딧물의 앞날개 맥으로 주요종의 감자 비래 진딧물의 분류동정이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

For economic effect on an import prohibition for the buff-tailed bumblebee, income of the bumblebee products, function, economic effect of pollinating insects and bumblebee were analyzed. The largest incremental gain was observed when using domestic bumblebees. Incremental revenue showed a larger incremental revenue in pollination than artificial pollination, the cost of artificial pollination was lowest for incremental cost, followed by domestic bumblebees, honeybees and imported bumblebees. Consequently, higher economic value can be achieved when domestic bumblebees and honeybees are used. According to this study, as it is used to make policy decisions on the prohibition of import of buff-tailed bumblebee, other alternative plan can be utilized due to its import prohibition.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits, especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal and Plant Quarantin Agency of Korea and Animsl Systematics Laboratory of Kunsans National University have collected the samples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India Nepal and Laos. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, we analyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number of different alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137 (SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci and populations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016 to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).

In the 21st century, the risk of the exotic pest being invaded is increasing due to the rise of trading activities. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been considered to very destructive invader as it is highly intrusive and has a wide host range. In this study, 2,299 samples were collected from 88 locations in 12 countries by quarantine and investigation. Among them, 608 individuals were used for COI DNA barcoding analysis based on Neighbor Joining method with P-distance model. Population genetics analysis was conducted for 510 individuals selected from 47 locations of 12 Southeast Asian countries using 15 microsatellite markers. COI DNA barcoding results showed that B. dorsalis did not support any clade as a geographical isolation but almost indicated mixed populations of each country. Population genetics analysis showed similar pattern of genetic structure between neighboring countries across borders. Most domestic quarantine groups were more similar in genetic structure to Taiwan, China and Thailand in the order of appearance.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits,especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal andPlant Quarantine Agency of Korea and Animal Systematics Laboratory of Kunsan National University have collected thesamples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India, Nepal andLaos. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, weanalyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number ofdifferent alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137(SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci andpopulations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).

The objectives of this study are to examine the genetic variation and the origin elucidation in oriental fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) using DNA barcode, in prepartion for their future introductions into Korea. About 1,600 specimens of B.dorsalis sp. complex and B. correcta were collected from 10 countries, the Indochina peninsula, the Philippines, Taiwanand South China. A total of 182 cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences were obtained and aligned from these regionalspecimens. Three chinese sequences from the GenBank reference were also included. Six hundreds base pair fragmentswere aligned and trimmed and used for a barcode. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining methodwith 1,000 bootstrap replicates. There were two distinct groups in the phylogenetic tree, Bactrocera dorsalis sp. complexand B. correcta. Three specimen, intercepted in the hand-carried mango at the airport inspection and collected in the confiscatedmango, smuggled from Vietnam were included for a test. The DNA sequences from the airport were 100% identical toone of various Vietnam specimens, and that from the confiscated mango was mostly similar to those of Vietnam, suggestingthe usefulness of the barcode for elucidating the origin of oriental fruit fly.

The objectives of this study are to examine the genetic variation in oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to use it as a barcode for the origin elucidation, in preparation for the their incursions into Korea. About 1,600 specimens of B. dorsalis sp. complex and B. correcta were collected from 10 countries, the Indochina peninsula, the Philippines, Taiwan and South China. A total of 182 cytochrome c oxidase (COI) sequences were obtained and aligned from these regional specimens. Three sequences from the Genebank reference were also included. Six hundreds base pair fragments were aligned and trimmed and used for a barcode. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. There were two distinct groups in the phylogenetic tree, Bactrocera dorsalis sp. complex and B. correcta. Three specimen, intercepted in the hand-carried mango at the airport inspection and collected in the confiscated mango, smuggled from Vietnam were included for a test. The DNA from the airport were 100% identical to that of one of various Vietnam specimens, and that from the confiscated mango was mostly similar to those of Vietnam, suggesting the usefulness of the barcode for the origin elucidation tool of oriental fruit fly.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits, especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal and Plant Quarantin Agency of Korea and Animsl Systematics Laboratory of Kunans National University have collected the samples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India and Nepal. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, we analyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number of different alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137 (SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci and populations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016 to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).