Cryopreservation of boar semen is continually researched in reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking in breed conservation. For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Recently, polymorphisms reported to be significant association with sperm MOT. This study was conducted to evaluate the SNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T inexon 1) as a positional controlling for motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thawed boar semen. To results,The g.672C>T was significantly associated with frozen semen motility and kinematic characteristics. g.158 T>C SNP was high significantly associated with MOT, VCL, VSL and VAP Also, the SNP was low significantly associated with ALH.Therefore, we suggest that theSNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T in exon 1) may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar Post-thawed semen quality.

Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) is involved in oestrogen-related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis but their effects have not yet confirmed in pig. Therefore, this study was performed to investigatetheir association with semen motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 126 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were used in present study. A single nucleotide polymorphism (g.35547A>G) was associated with MOT, VCL, VAP and ALH in Duroc population (p < 0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not clear yet. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the ESR2 in spermatogenesis within the reproductive tracts, and will shed light on ESR2 as a candidate gene in the selection of good sperm quality boars.

심비디움과 팔레놉시스의 형질전환 효율이 본 연구에서 비교되었 는데, 이를 위해 선발유전자로 PPT(Phosphinothricin) 제초제 저항 성인 bar 유전자가 사용되었고, 도입된 노화지연 유전자인ORE 7은 잎과 꽃에서 노화를 지연시켜 주며, 또한 개화 수를 늘려주는 형질 전환 식물체 개발에 이용될 것이다. 형질전환 방법 비교실험에서 심 비디움과 팔레놉시스 모두 아그로박테리움 방법이 유전자총 방법보 다 높은 효율을 보여 주었다. 또한 전반적으로 심비디움의 형질전환 효율이 팔레놉시스의 효율보다 높았음이 관찰되었다. 아그로박테리움 접종 전에 유전자총으로 미리 물리적 상처를 주어 접종효율은 높여 궁극적으로 형질전환 효율을 높이고자 수행한 실험에서는 오히려 무 처리구보다 더 낮은 형질전환 효율을 관찰하였다. 아그로박테리움 감 염 전 건조처리를 통한 형질전환 효율향상 실험에서는 심비디움의 경우 45분이 20%의 형질전환 효율로서 효율이 10% 미만인 대조 구보다 우수하였고, 팔레놉시스는 60분 건조처리가 가장 우수하였다. 형질전환 개체들의 PCR 분석을 통해 노화지연유전자ORE7이 도입 되었음을 확인하였고, real-time PCR 검정을 통해 도입된 형질전 환 유전자 copies를 확인하였다. 그결과, 전체 24개의 분석된 형질 전환 개체 중 심비디움 15개체 중 8 개체가 1 copy를 가지고 있 었고 나머지 7 개체는 2-3 copies를 가지고 있었다. 팔레놉시스는 오직 1개체만 1 copy 였고, 나머지 8개체는 2 copies 이상의 유 전자가 도입되었다. 본 연구에서 개선된 형질전환 체계는 앞으로 심 비디움과 팔레놉시스 형질전환 체계를 효과적으로 확립하는데 응용 될 것이라 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect on post-thawed sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity of boar semen frozen in the freezing extender with chicken or duck egg yolks. The Sperm rich fraction of ejaculates from three Duroc boars were collected by a glove-hand technique. Samples with more than 80% motile sperm were used for this experiment. Semen was diluted with freezing extender (LEY) containing 11% (v/v) lactose, 20% (v/v) hen egg yolk with 3.5% (v/v) glycerol, and 0.5% (v/v) Orvus Es Paste(OEP, Nova Chemical Sales Inc., Scituate, MA. USA) to yield a final sperm concentration of 5×108 cells/ml. Following complete dilution, semen samples were loaded in 0.5 ml French medium straws (IMV technologies, France) and transferred to programmable semen freezer (SY-LAB Gerate GmbH, Austria). For freezing the semen samples, each straw was cooled from 5℃ to — 5℃ at 6℃/min, auto-seeding at — 5℃ and held for 60sec, samples were then cooled from — 5 to — 80℃ at 40℃/min, and thereafter from — 80℃ to — 150℃ at 60℃/min. The yolks used were sourced from fresh chicken and duck eggs. To evaluate the post-thaw sperm quality, semen was thawed at 38℃ for 20 sec and sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity were assessed. Motility was assessed for %motile cell characteristics using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA; SAIS SI-100, Medical supply, Korea). The percentage of sperm viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD® sperm viability kit (Molecular probes, Eugene, OR, USA). The acrosome integrity was assessed by FITC-PNA staining. Sperm quality in terms of motility, viability and acrosome integrity showed higher after freezing in medium containing duck yolk than chicken yolk. However, there was no significant difference in sperm quality for the different types of yolk(p>0.05). * The result of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the egg yolk types when considering the sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity of boar semen frozen in the freezing extender with chicken or duck egg yolks.