Purpose: Aims of this study were to investigate the agreement and test-retest repeatability of two methods for measuring magnitude of soft toric lens rotation. The two methods assessed were a newly developed mobile application for iPhone which uses the built-in camera function and the slit lamp biomicroscope. Methods: Agreement of ToriExpertä against known reference source was tested under experimental situation. For clinical measurement, thirty three participants (66 eyes) wore toric lens (prism ballast design) both eyes. Two investigators measured toric lens rotation using the two methods which are slit-lamp measurement(HS-700) and mobile application. First investigator used the same method twice for assessment of test-retest repeatability of each method. Inter- and intra-investigator agreement and repeatability were assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Against the known reference sources, mean variance was 0.52±0.75 degree and limits of agreement was ±1.47 degree (95% of Cls). The limits of agreement between the silt-lamp biomicroscope and mobile application methods was ±9.1 degree (95% CIs). Measurements using the two different methods showed no statistically significant mean difference (paired t-test, p=0.32). Inter-investigator agreement of lens rotation was ±7.9 degree (95% CIs) using the slit-lamp microscope and ±7.8 degree using mobile application. Intra-investigator repeatability was ±6.6 degree using the slit lamp microscope and ±6.8 using mobile application. Conclusions: The results should be considered in view of the fact that soft toric lenses are not static but move with the blink thus the location of the reference point is unlikely to be at exactly the same location at the different measurement times. Despite this source of variability in the results, the newly developed mobile application provides clinically comparable performance to slit lamp biomicroscope measurement which does not appear to be investigator dependent. This mobile application may provide sufficient precision to those optometric practices have limited access to slit-lamp biomicroscope for measuring soft toric lens rotation.

This study is prepared on the ground of consulting business in an objective of an improvement of productivity that was proceeded on industrious-purpose reel manufacturer, S corp. the purpose of this study is to achieve an improvement of productivity of the production line of industrious-purpose reel via 4M analysis and separate team activities. The method for study was proceeded with 4M analysis via video recording, one of the steps of separate team activities. Separate team activity is newly established concept, indicating what is modified and expanded partial process among previously existing 6-Sigma methodologies so that measures of various variables in the manufacturing production line are applied. The first procedure is a 4M analysis via video recording. firstly, consultant records videos for relevant process, conducting 4M analysis based on collected data to derive wasting factors in each process. Secondly, it is a procedure to derive and select proper measures, meaning that measures for removing wasting factors based on derived results are elicited, selecting a measure with high probability of application via negotiation between consultants and separate teams. The last procedure is an application of selected measures to real production line, reflecting an environment of production field to derive an effect of increasing practical productivity rather than a qualitative effect as a measure with trust and flexibility.

흰목이버섯 균주와 공생균을 수집하고 ITS 5.8S rDNA sequencing을 하여 유전자 서열을 분석하였다. Gene Bank Data homology search 결과 분리된 균의 rDNA 서열이 이 Tremella fuciformis AF042409의 rDNA 서열과 99% 일치하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 함께 분리된 공생균은 같은 방법으로 Annulohhypoxylon stygium 으로 확인하였다. 분리된 T. fuciformis KG 103과 A. stygium KG 201 균주는 PD배지에서 각각 14 ㎜/14days과 85 ㎜/14 days의 균사생육을 나타내었다. T. fuciformis KG 103 균주의 생육최적온도는 25℃(14mm/14days) 이었으며, 35℃ 고온과 15℃이하 저온에서 균사 생장이 억제되었다. A. stygium KG 201은 흰목이버섯균과 유사한 최적온도를 나타내었다. T. fuciformis KG 103 균의 생육 최적 pH는 5.0이었으며, A. stygium KG 201도 pH 5.0에서 생육이 가장 왕성하였다. 흰목이버섯 종균용 최적 배지로 참나무톱밥 77.5%, 미강 20%, 석고 1.5%, 황백당 1%가 선정되었다. T. fuciformis KG 103과 A. stygium KG 201혼합 종균을 제조하고 흰목이버섯 자실체생산을 위한 병속재배 방법을 확립하였다. 콘코브(Corn cob) (77%와 52%)가 사용한 재료 중 최적의 자실체 성장률을 나타냈으며, 콘코브 함량을 줄일수록 생육이 저조하였다. 면실박과 참나무톱밥은 단독 사용시 생육이 저조하였고, 콘코브를 첨가시 수율이 증대되었다. 최적수분농도는 55%로 결정되었다.

This study assessed the characteristic of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) concentration ratios of industrial emission sources and the neighborhoods of industrial area, fuel such as gasoline, light oil, LPG, and similar gasoline, and ambient air in Daegu. The BTEX in aromatic compounds was the most abundant VOC in Daegu. The BTEX ratios were (0.2:2.6:1.0:1.8) for the neighborhoods of industrial area, (2.6:11.3:1.0:1.2) for residential area, (2.2:11.0:1.0:1.6) for commercial area, (1.0:14.9:1.0:1.3) for industrial area, and (0.2:2.6:1.0:1.8) for the neighborhoods of industrial area. Average BTEX ratios in Daegu were B/T ratio (0.1), B/EB ratio (1.5), B/X ratio (1.1), T/EB ratio (12.6), T/X ratio(10), EB/X ratio (0.7). Expecially, B/T ratio in Daegu was similar as the other cities, Bangkok, Manila, and Hongkong. Comparing other cities with B/T ratio, the main sources of VOC were vehicular exhaust and emission of industrial facilities. Furthermore, BTEX correlation were evaluated at the emission sources and regional areas. Results showed that correlation coefficient values of emission sources, fuels and neighborhood of industry were significant magnitude above 0.65(p<0.01). Also, there showed highly significant correlations among BTEX. Calculated correlation coefficients of ambient air sampling sites were 0.61～0.954 for commercial /residential area and 0.613～0.998 for industrial area. However, they showed different correlation between commercial/residental area and industrial area. It implied that the emission sources were different from each area.

The purposes of this paper were to monitor the temperature rising courses and spark discharge of the modified granular activated carbon (GAC) by microwave (MW) irradiation and to evaluate absorption of benzene. The GAC coated on SiO2, boron, talc, ferrite was named as the modified GAC. Thermal and spark discharge measurement of virgin GAC and modifed GAC has been carried out using a MW device operating at 2450 MHz under various energy conditions. The results of this paper as follows. First, the modified GAC is more efficient than the virgin GAC in temperature control. Temperature gradient of the modified GAC is more lower than that of virgin GAC. The temperature gradient of GAC was observed in the following order : virgin GAC, Mn-Zn ferrite/GAC, Ni-Zn ferrite,/GAC, SiO2/GAC, Boron/GAC, Talc/GAC. Second, the spark discharge of the modified GAC was diminished, compared with that of virgin GAC. Because of its excellent electrical insulating properties, the coating material prevents the spark discharge. Finally, the benzene adsorption capacity of the modified GAC decreased due to diminishing of adsorption site by the coating material. Considering the temperature gradient and spark discharge of GAC, the GAC coated SiO2 would be appropriate absorbent under irradiation of MW.

Adsorption characteristics of benzene by zeolite were investigated using irradiating microwave. Experimental apparatus was applied to a U-type fix-bed column equipped with microwave system. Zeolite, itself, seems to be inappropriated to remove benzene because of a hygroscopic property. Microwave irradiation to zeolite, however, brings about decreasing H2O adsorption and increasing benzene adsorption. This causes that the dipole material such as H2O was vibrated and heated by irradiation of microwave and desorbed from zeolite. And then, benzene starts to be absorbed by zeolite. In this study, the results showed that the selective adsorption of benzene was occurred by the microwave irradiation and the adsorption capacity of benzene was increased by increasing microwave energy. As a results, it was found that the zeolite could be used to adsorb benzene with microwave and this method make it feasible simultaneously to adsorb and desorb benzene.

A (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V2O5/TiO2 catalyst were prepared by co-precipitation method and used for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia in the presence of oxygen. The properties of the catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The experimental results showed that (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V2O5/TiO2 catalyst yielded 81% NO conversion at temperature as low as 150℃ and a space velocity of 2,400 h-1. Crystalline phase of Mn2O3 was present at ≥15% Mn on V2O5/TiO2. XRD confirmed the presence of manganese oxide (Mn2O3) at 2θ=32.978°(222). The XRD patterns presented of (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V2O5/TiO2 did not show intense or sharp peaks for manganese oxides and vanadia oxides. The TPR profiles of (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V2O5/TiO2 catalyst showed main reduction peak of a maximum at 595℃.