국내에서 유통되는 한약재 오공(蜈蚣)의 정·위품 유통 현황 파악과 유전자 감별법 개발을 위해 서로 다른 6개 유통사에서 오공으로 판매중인 전형약재를 구매하여 각 약재 포장 단위별 크기, 색깔, 무늬 등 형태적으로 차이가 있는 개체를 분류하여 국내에서 채집된 왕지네 표본 2개체를 포함 총 30개 시료를 대상으로 DNA 바코드 분석을 실시하였다. 확보한 미토콘드리아 COI 염기서열 정보와 기 등재된 NCBI GenBank 염기서열 정보를 이용하여 계통 분석을 실시한 결과, 28개 약재 시료 중 국산 및 중국산 전형약재 유통품 13 개체는 모두 대한민국약전외한약 (생약)규격집에 정품 기원종으로 수재된 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans로 확인되었으며, 이들은 국내 채집 왕지네 개체들과 함께 하나의 단계통군을 형성하였다. 하지만 인도네시아산 전형약재 유통품 15 개체의 경우 4개의 그룹으로 구분되었는데, 그 중 3개 그룹은 S. dehaani, S. subspinipes, 그리고 명확한 종을 알 수 없는 Scolopendra sp.로 Scolopendra 속으로 확인되었고 나머지 그룹을 형성하는 한 개체는 Scolopendra 속에 속하지 않고 Rhysida singaporiensis와 89%의 유사도를 보였다. COI 바코드 분석을 통해 국내 유통되는 오공은 원산지가 한국 또는 중국인 경우 모두 정품 기원종으로 확인되었으며, 원산지가 인도네시아인 경우에는 모두 위품인 것으 로 확인되었다. 또한 위품으로 확인된 유통약재는 총 4개의 종으로 분류되었고, 대부분은 정품인 Scolopendra속 의 분류군이었으며 Rhysida속과 가까운 분류군도 오공으로 수입되어 유통되고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

The generation and analysis of genomic resources information are essential to understand genomic features of crops. Even though medicinal component and its effect of Panax ginseng was well studied, the genomic study has been recently started. The ginseng genome has been known to undergo two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD), therefore we investigated an evidence of WGD in ginseng draft sequence for understanding current ginseng genome structure. Four paralogous gene-rich genome blocks were found, consisted by eight scaffolds, using about 3.0 Gb whole genome draft sequence and 48,821 unigenes of P. ginseng generated by whole genome shotgun sequencing. The eight scaffold sequences were ordered and connected into four genomic blocks, using zig-zag extension within scaffold sequences recently duplicated. The paralogous scaffold pairs that were recently duplicated showed high sequence conservation in genic and non-genic regions. However, paleo duplicated paralogue scaffold sequences showed little conservation only in genic regions. Finally, a total of 110 paralogous gene pairs and its expression were identified from recently and paleo duplicated scaffold pairs, which were co-linear among four genomic blocks. This study provides the first insight into duplicated genome structure of ginseng and will be a valuable information for further ginseng genomics including improvement of draft sequence quality, chromosome anchoring of scaffolds, and genetic mapping.

Genome duplication is an abundance phenomenon and in plant kingdom and consequently formed paralogous region. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has a possibility of tetraploid by comparing chromosome numbers of relative species. During development of EST-SSR markers in Korean ginseng, most of primer sets have produced multiple bands in gel electrophoresis. In this study, for identifying origin of multiple bands, five EST-SSR markers showing multi-band were selected and two bands around expected size were sequenced. Sequence comparison classified the multiple bands into individual loci. Two bands can be identified by SNP or InDel variation with number of SSR units. Sequencing result represented that paralogous loci with high similarity were existence caused by recent duplication. One clear band were amplified with newly designed locus specific primer picked from SNP variation. SNP and InDel polymorphism between paralgous loci were useful for identifying each locus. This study will provide better understanding of ginseng genome and will be helpful for development of DNA markers.

Genetic map provides basic and important informations for breeding. Therefore, genetic map construction is a essential process in plant research. Panax ginseng is one of the most famous medical plant in the world. However, genetic informations of this medical plant for breeding are not enough. Because of little informations, genetic map construction of panax ginseng provides very useful information for breeding. Using Solexa next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we have been produced a lot of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and whole genome sequences from Chunpoong (368 Gb) and Yunpoong (6 Gb) cultivar. To develop large amount of DNA markers and thus construct high resolution genetic map, we inspect large scale of SSR motif and putative SNP sites which can be used as dCAPs markers using produced ginseng’s sequence data. As a result, we can find a number of DNA markers that have polymorphism between Yunpoong and Chunpoong cultivar. These developed DNA markers were analyzed for F2 population of Yunpoong x Chunpoong to find markers showing Mendelian segregation ratio 1:2:1.