A market-oriented culture remains a source of competitive advantage for organisations. Despite calls for an integrated research perspective on the linkage between organisational culture and market orientation (e.g., Deshpande and Webster 1989; Deshpande and Farley 2004), scholars have made limited attempts to examine the relationship between the two concepts. The objective of this study is to investigate what kind of organisational culture encourages and rewards market orientation behaviours. A structured survey was administered to 870 senior managers attending part-time EMBA programmes in prestigious business schools in China. A total of 370 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 43 percent. The research findings suggested that different organisational cultures have different impacts on market orientation. Specifically, the results indicate that an adhocracy and a market culture facilitate the development of a market orientation, while a hierarchical culture hinders market orientation behaviours. However, the hypothesised negative relationship between a clan culture and a market orientation was not supported. This study seeks to extend the literature by responding to Deshpande and Webster ’s (1989) call for an integrated research of organisational culture and marketing. Besides its theoretical contributions, this study also offers some important insights for leaders of organisations. As organisations are driving to become more market-oriented, leaders need to understand why certain organisational cultures exist and their impact on market orientation practices. Although this research provides interesting insights on the understanding of market-oriented organisational culture, it is important to recognise the limitations of the research. Culture is a complex system of norms and values that develops over time and influences organisational processes and behaviours (Hurley and Hult 1998; Schneider and Rentsch 1988). On the other hand, time affects market orientation in a number of ways, such as lagged or cumulative effects during the implementation of a market-oriented strategy (Gauzente 2001). The inclusion of

본 논문은, 예이츠의 시, 산문, 자서선, 편지에 흩어진 증거와 여러 엑프 라시스 이론에 근거, 예이츠의 청금석 이 어떻게 중국고전시와 풍경화, 특히 도교에 서 보이는 중국전통미학을 반영하는 지 논의한다. 예이츠는 이질적인 중국문화와 대화 하는 매체로서 중국고전시와 풍경화를 사용하는데, 이로써 서양의 딜레마에서 벗어나 는 길을 모색하고자 한다.

The luxury market keeps growing in the global world. Marketing scholars focus on Chinese luxury consumers, because Chinese consumers show different characteristics comparing to foreign consumers. Personal hedonic value cannot be ignored among factors which influence consumers’ purchase intention. After the survey on 128 consumers who have luxury purchasing experience, the study finds out that as the two of three sub-dimensions of hedonic value, self-gifting and self-pleasure can significantly influence luxury perceived value, but self-enrichment has nothing to do with it. Luxury perceived value can directly affect consumers’ purchase intention on luxury products. But this relationship can be negatively moderated by interpersonal effects. At the end, managerial implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.

The aim of this research is to expand application areas of the advanced manufacturing concept and technology based on combining the traditional weaving techniques with digital forming technology. Through the man-machine interface of traditional weaving techniques of processing machines and craftsmanship complex data visualization and interactive operation, Virtual Reality Technology can realize computer model images, which is a kind of new form of artistic language and the key of VR art presenting its unique advantages. Combined with digital technology, the production of raw materials can generate 2D graphics, and 3D object can also be generated by using rapid solidification laser material preparation and forming technology (3-Dimension Printing). In one word, the traditional weaving techniques of processing machine and craftsmanship realized the complete inheritance. In this paper, main content are 4 parts including the analysis of ethnic traditional weaving technology in southwest areas of China, the usage of fashion digital simulation forming technology, the combination of traditional weaving technology with digital forming technology, and expanding of digital customized technology. We started our research work using grass linen and its weaving machine. In the end, the conclusion of study will be used to build the digital museum online for Southwest Ethnic Traditional Weaving Technology Museum, which is also bridging around world marketing for traditional culture.

It is generally accepted that China’s legislation including the provisions on enforcement of intellectual property rights has met the requirements of the TRIPS agreement and its government has exerted best efforts to enforce intellectual property laws, as illustrated by the institution of executive bodies, the dual-track approach system for protecting IPRs and other actions in this field. However, enforcement of IPRs is still a critical problem for China to solve because the protection standards of IPRs are beyond its economic development and education level, local protectionism interferes with enforcement, insufficient severity of punishment against infringers fails to deter, the price of genuine IP products is overinflated and a legal culture of not observing laws in China. To eliminate the roots of difficulties in enforcing IP laws, awareness of protecting IPRs and abiding by IP laws should be improved. Also, the IPR enforcement system should be further perfected by, centralizing the power of IPR enforcement by merging the current executive bodies into fewer ones with certain focuses, increasing the severity of punishment against infringers of IPRs and cracking down against local protectionism.

Genomic DNA prepared from fruitbdies of 25 Grifola frondosa strains were amplified with the ITS primers and the PCR reaction products were enzymed. The ITS bands have same electrophoresis patterns but part of them have different restriction enzyme cutting site. These strains were divided into three broad categories. SRAP amplification employing 47 SRAP primer pairs were carried on and 138 polymorphic bands were detected. The phylogram tree showed that: ten strains were differentiated from the others effectively and fifteen strains have no obvious differences between each other. The results implied that the ITS-RFLP and SRAP markers were effective methods for strains identifica tion and germplasm evaluation but other markers were also needed to be used in conjunction.

Grazing restoration succession of the degraded grassland is an important aspect in community ecology. Field experiment was carried out to examine how major species restore in first four years restoration following 11 consecutive grazing under different stocking rates in Inner Mongolian steppe. A. frigida and P. acaulis are the most important two species in the all treatments (NG, LG, MG and HG) after four years restoration, although they had high fluctuation. The biomasses of these two species account for 40-90% of total biomass. Especially in no grazing area, which was exclosured since 1990, A. frigida and P. acaulis are still the most important two species in the community. These results suggested A. frigida and P. acaulis conununity are quite stable, and will keep long-time if no special measurements were taken during the restoration of the degraded grassland.

In this paper, the effect of different land-use types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and Particulate Organic Carbon(POC) was studied by analyzing the soils in the meadow and conversing land of grassland to cropland in ecotones of agriculture and animal husbandry. It is shown t㏊t, compared with meadow, rotations of P/O and P/Cwill reduce SOC in 0-30㎝ soil layers by 47.54%-65.11% and 34.16-64.26% and POC by 16.90%-24.48% and 11.94%-20.29%, respectively. And SOC in meadow is more t㏊n in conversing land of grassland to cropland (P＜0.05). Conversing grassland to cropland in ecotones of agriculture and animal husbandry will decrease the contents of SOC and POC.

The research was conducted at a degraded steppe in Saibei Adiministrative Region of ZhangJiakou in Hebei province. Four patches dominated by fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida), narrowleaf stellera (Stellera chamaejasme), shining speargrass (Achnatherum splendens), white swordflag (Iris lactea), respectively, were sampled. Phosphorus (P) was applied at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15㎎ ㎏?¹ soil) in each patch. The mycorrhizal infection rate in Stellera chamaejasme species and Achnatherum splendens species was low, differed from other two patches of Artemisia frigid and Iris lactea.

In lowland areas of south-west China, especially in late winter and early spring, animal nutrition is so poor t㏊t some animals die because of shortages of forage. Farmers in these areas are finding it difficult to conserve sufficient forage. It is a big challenge to find a new strategy to solve the problem, so tillage systems and overseeding of a perennial pasture can influence the performance of winter annual forage production in the future.

Forage production and water use efficiency (WUE) of Lucerne were investigated in three varieties at different water availabilities. Forage production decreased with the severity of soil water availability. At 50% field water capacity (FWC), forage production dropped but in two varieties, Algonquin and Longdong, was still high and from 75%FWC to 50%FWC, forage production in Longdong decreased at the least rate. The greatest leaf WUE was observed in Longdong at all soil water availabilities. From 75%FWC to 50%FWC, it increased in Longdong and Xinjiangdaye, but decreased in Algonquin. With the severity of water deficit, δ¹³C value increased in all three varieties. At the same water availability, the greatest value was observed in Longdong. It suggested that moderate water stress can improve WUE in Lucerne. Longdong is to some extent more efficient in water use and may be more drought-tolerant with more steady production at moderate water deficit.

To design an efficient and acceptable indoor air environment in a badminton gymnasium, it is important to study the velocity and temperature field in the conditioned room. For diverse airflow patterns, the k- c models with wall function near solid boundaries are adopted to simulate airflow distribution in the gymnasium. The simulated result is analyzed in this paper, and it provides the important reference for the design of air condition system and optimization of the project. CFD is effective design tool for air flow in large space, for it can give the velocity and temperature values at any point quantitatively.