We investigate two abnormal CME-Storm pairs that occurred on 2014 September 10 - 12 and 2015 March 15 - 17, respectively. The first one was a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -75 nT) driven by the X1.6 high speed flare-associated CME (1267 km s−1) in AR 12158 (N14E02) near solar disk center. The other was a very intense geomagnetic storm (Dstmin  -223 nT) caused by a CME with moderate speed (719 km s−1) and associated with a filament eruption accompanied by a weak flare (C9.1) in AR 12297 (S17W38). Both CMEs have large direction parameters facing the Earth and southward magnetic field orientation in their solar source region. In this study, we inspect the structure of Interplanetary Flux Ropes (IFRs) at the Earth estimated by using the torus fitting technique assuming self-similar expansion. As results, we find that the moderate storm on 2014 September 12 was caused by small-scale southward magnetic fields in the sheath region ahead of the IFR. The Earth traversed the portion of the IFR where only the northward fields are observed. Meanwhile, in case of the 2015 March 17 storm, our IFR analysis revealed that the Earth passed the very portion where only the southward magnetic fields are observed throughout the passage. The resultant southward magnetic field with long- duration is the main cause of the intense storm. We suggest that 3D magnetic field geometry of an IFR at the IFR-Earth encounter is important and the strength of a geomagnetic storm is strongly affected by the relative location of the Earth with respect to the IFR structure.

실내에서 담배거세미나방의 영기별 약제감수성을 조사한 결과 시험된 약제 모두 유충의 영기가 높아질수록 약제감수성은 낮았다. Chlorpyrifors-methyl과 chlorpyrifos의 독성은 3령부터, etofenprox+PAP와 deltamethrin은 2령부터 현저히 떨어졌다. 포트시험결과 deltamethrin을 제외한 4약제 모두 90% 이상의 방제가를 보여 담배거세미나방의 방제에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 야외에서 담배거세미나방은 전 영기가 혼재되어 있고 영기별 약제감수성이 다르기 때문에 적절한 약제선택은 물론 유충 발생초기에 약제를 살포하는 것이 중요하다.

Surface density distributions for globular clusters were obtained from photoelectric surface photometry (using centered aperture photometry). These surface brightness profiles were then compared with the theoretical surface density distribution of King's model. From the comparison of the theoretical and observed surface density distributions, we determine he structural parameters of the clusters (the core radius r c , the tidal cut off r t , and the concentration factor C).