The dismantling nuclear power plant is expected to continue to change the radiation working environment compared to the operating nuclear power plant. Contamination monitors and survey meters currently in use have limitations in accurate analysis source term and dose rates for continuous changes in radiation fields at dismantling sites. Due to these limitations, the use of semiconductor detectors such as HPGe and CZT detectors with excellent energy resolution and portability is increasing. The CZT detector performs as well as the HPGe detector, but there is no proven calibration procedure yet. Therefore, in this study, the HPGe calibration method was reviewed to derive implications for the CZT detector calibration method. The operating principle of a semiconductor detector that measures gamma emission energy converts them into electrical signals is the same. Two calibrations of HPGe detectors are performed according to the standard calibration procedure for semiconductor detectors for gamma-ray measurement issued by the Korea Association of Standards & Testing Organizations. The first is an energy calibration that calculates gamma-ray peak position measurements and relational expressions using standard source term that emit gamma-rays. The channel values for energy are measured using certified reference source term to determine radionuclides by identifying channels corresponding to the measured peak energy values. The second is the measurement efficiency of measuring the coefficient calibration device, which measures gamma rays emitted from the standard source term. The detector efficiency by sample or distance is measured in consideration of the shape, size, volume, and density of the calibration device. The HPGe detector performs calibration once every six months through a verified calibration method and is being used as a source term analyzer at the power plant. The CZT detector may also establish a procedure for identifying peak positions through energy calibration and calculating radioactivity through efficiency calibration. This will be a way to expand the usability of semiconductor detectors and further monitor radiation in a more effective way.

Agricultural ODA plays an important role in international development cooperation to reduce the poverty of developing countries. Particularly, enhancement of agricultural production capacity is one of the key policy areas for poverty reduction. This paper analyzes impacts of agricultural ODA on agricultural production in developing countries. The empirical result shows that both agricultural ODA and FDI have positive effects on agricultural production of developing countries. Also, the impacts of agricultural production are estimated depending on types of agricultural ODA, direct and indirect. Generally, indirect type of agricultural ODA appears to have a slightly stronger production impact than direct type. The agricultural production increases 0.09% and 0.07% with additional 10% of each type of agricultural ODA. However, the empirical results varied with the income levels of recipient countries; direct agricultural ODA has positive significant production effect in LMIC (lower middle-income countries), while indirect agricultural ODA has positive effects in UMIC (upper middle-income countries).

In a previous study, aggregation pheromone trap added with refrigerated eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in a netted pouch was found to enhance parasitism by its egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in soybean fields. However, the eggs released in the netted pouch would not be well exploited by the egg parasitoid due to reduced encounter of the eggs and elevated inter- or intraspecific competition among the parasitoids in clumped condition of released eggs inside the pouch. To solve this problem, new trap was developed with twelve separate cells for egg placement. Efficiency of this new trap was evaluated in a soybean field in Songcheon, Andong. Newly developed trap and formerly designed trap each with 180 refrigerated eggs were placed at a distance of 15-20m in the field. The released eggs were collected every week, and the experiment was replicated for three weeks. In addition, comparison was carried out by placing eggs in different density in the cell (120 in total per trap) for three weeks. Parasitism in newly developed trap (32-35%) was higher than that in the former trap (16-20%). Parasitism in the trap where eggs were released in six cells was the highest, followed by three cells, one cell, and eggs released in the pouch. From these findings, newly developed traps is better than previous design in enhancing the parasitism in soybean fields.

최근 집중호우의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 이를 고려한 강우분석을 실시하여야 한다. 현재 수문설계를 위한 강우분석은 한반도 조밀도 36 km 인 기상청 관할 종관기상관측지점(Automated Surface Observing System, ASOS)의 시 단위 강우를 이용하고 있다. 이로 인해 같은 강우지점의 티센망에 포함되는 중소규모 유역은 동일한 확률강우량과 강우시간분포로 분석하게 됨으로 유역특성을 고려하지 못하는 문제가 발생한다. 또한, 10~20 km 범위 내에서 발생하는 집중호우의 시 ․ 공간적 변화를 고려하지 못하는 문제점이 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 종관기상관측지점에 비해 상대적으로 조밀도가 우수한 방재기상관측지점(Automatic Weather System, AWS)의 분 단위 강우자료를 이용하여 집중호우를 고려한 확률강우량을 산정하였다. 또한, 유역에 적합한 Huff의 4분위 방법 산정을 위해 Case별 시간분포 산정과 유출분석을 실시하였다. 이는 집중호우와 유역특성을 반영한 설계수문량 산정에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.