Traffic accidents on the expressways during the high speed driving are severe and more damaging, compared with other traffic accidents. There has been much effort to reduce the traffic accidents by seeking for the cause of the accidents. Apart from drunk driving and driving while drowsy caused by personal carelessness, one of the main causes of the accidents on the expressways is the limit to the straight-ahead. The straight-ahead is much affected by climate and topography. Existing research on this subject investigates the accidents during the driving on the expressways under bad weather, the accidents on the freeways with design problems regarding the topology and grade and the accident frequency varying with traffic volume. The current study suggests a model including precipitation and traffic volume at a time and aims at examining their impacts on the traffic accidents on the expressways by using a binomial logistic regression analysis. The data used were the traffic accident frequency per day over a year on each link of two expressways, Donghae and Yeongdong, which represent Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions of Gangwon Province. The results tell that precipitation and traffic volume significantly affect the occurrence of the traffic accidents. The accident occurrence is also significantly different between the two expressways and even more significantly different between links within each expressway. Further research topics were identified, including the distinction between rainfall and snowfall, the inclusion of mediating variables such as the limit to the straight-ahead due to the precipitation and the differentiation between the degrees of fatality of the traffic accidents.

This study carried out evaluation of vulnerability in accessability and functionality using road network that was extracted from Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) and digital map. It was built in order to figure out accessability that locational data which include community center, public facilities, medical facilities and highway IC. The method for grasping functionality are Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and land slide hazard map provided by Korea Forest Service. The evaluation criteria for figure out accessability was set to related comparison of average time in urban area. Functionality value was calculated by the possibility of backing the vehicle possibility of snowfall and landslides. At last, this research computed weighting value through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), calculated a vulnerable score. As the result, the accessability of rural village came out that would spend more time by 1.4 to 3.2 times in comparison with urban area. Even though, vulnerability of the road by a snowfall was estimated that more than 50% satisfies the first class, however, it show up that the road were still vulnerable due snowing because over the 14% of the road being evaluated the fifth class. The functionality has been satisfied most of the road, however, It was vulnerable around Lake Daechung and Piban-ryung, Yumti-jae, Suriti-jae where on the way Boeun. Also, the fifth class road are about 35 km away from the city hall on distance, take an hour to an hour and a half. The fourth class road are about 25 km away from the city hall on distance, take 25 min to an hour. The other class of the road take in 30 min from the city hall or aren't affected of weather and have been analyzed that a density of road is high. In A result that compare between distribution and a housing density came out different the southern and the eastern area, so this result could be suggested quantitative data for possibility of development.

강우, 강설, 안개발생 등 기상상태의 변화는 운전자의 주행환경에 영향을 미치는 기상요인으로 기상악화시 차량의 차두간격과 속도에 영향을 미치게 되어 도로용량을 감소시키고, 교통사고 발생으로 인한 차로감소 등의 상황을 유발하여 맑은 날보다 더 큰 혼잡을 발생시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 운전자의 시정을 감소시키는 기상악화는 통행속도가 높은 고속도로가 일반도로 보다 기상상태에 따른 통행속도 변화 민감도와 교통사고 심각도가 높게 나타나는 특성이 있다고 분석됨에 따라 고속도로의 교통류 특성변화에는 시정거리가 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통행속도가 높은 고속도로 기본구간의 교통류 특성에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 교통량과 속도를 선정하였으며, 일정수준 이상의 교통량 확보가 가능한 수도권내 고속도로를 분석대상으로 선정하고 기상자료와 교통자료를 수집하여 시정거리 변화에 따른 고속도로 교통류 특성변화에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 수행을 위하여 기존 문헌 고찰을 통해 자료수집 및 분석방법을 수립하고 고속도로의 시정거리 수준을 선정하며, 통계적 차이 검증을 수행하고 시정거리에 따른 고속도로의 교통류 특성 변화를 분석하여 용량 및 서비스 수준 분석 시 적용할 수 있는 방안을 강구하고자 한다.

빈번한 재난이 발생하는 일본은 다양한 방법의 대응계획을 세우기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 2011년 3월 11일 발생한 동일본 대지진 이후의 일본정부의 대응전략을 살펴보면 재해대책기본법에 따라 방재도로 선정기준을 개선하였다. 일본의 방재도로는 크게 두 가지로 ‘긴급교통로’와 ‘긴급수송로’로 분리하여 운영되고 있다. ‘긴급교통로’는 이재민의 피난 및 구출·구조 및 소화활동 등 재해 직 후의 단기적 목적으로 사용되는 긴급차량(군부대, 소방, 경찰) 및 이 활동을 지원하는 차량(복구작업차량)을 위한 교통 네트워크이다. 반면에 ‘긴급수송로’는 재해 발생 시 이재민의 피난 및 이재민의 생활안전을 위한 물자수송계획에 초점을 두고 있으며 비교적 장기적인 복구와 부흥에 초점을 두고 있다. 특히, ‘긴급수송로’는 지역내부는 공안위원회(해당지자체)가, 지역간은 중앙방재위원회(중앙정부)가 지정하며, 미시적, 거시적 관점에서 접근하게 된다. 이원화 운영되는 방재교통계획은 긴급상황 발생 직 후의 피난과 구조상황과 재해복구를 위한 기능을 분리한 것이며, 그 목적에 따라 정보수집의 우선순위와 복구우선순위를 갖게 된다. 세계적으로 재난의 거대화가 진행되고, 임의의 재난이 발생하고 있기 때문에 교통방재 실현을 위해서는 체계적 방재도로 선정이 시급하다. 특히, 재난 시 방재도로의 교통정보 수집을 위한 민,관,공사의 다차원적 협조가 필요하고, 정부와 연구기관의 노력으로 방재도로의 기능성을 높여 임의의 재난에 피해를 최소화 할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

In this study, which aims to estimate the volume of greenhouse gas emitted by road transportation vehicles in Changwon City, the emission rate was calculated on the basis of the actual traffic volume measured at major crossroads and compared with the results obtained from the methodology used to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of road transportation provided in the IPCC 2006 GL guidelines (Tier 1, Tier 3). Analysis of the results of the comparison showed that the Tier 1 methodology, which was applied in the estimation of the rate of greenhouse gas emissions, carries a high probability of underestimation, while the Tier 3 methodology carries a relatively high probability of overestimation. Therefore, when considering the assignment of permissible rates of emission to local governments, the application of the methodology, i.e. whether one uses Tier 1 or Tier 3, may result in a large difference in the rate of allowable emissions. It is suggested that a method based on the actual volume of traffic would be the most reasonable one with regard to the development of a realistic plan.

In this research, we measured the number of lanes, distance, disposition of apartment that are affecting the road traffic noise to evaluate the current condition of G city’s road traffic noise. We decide on a basis regarding an apartment price formation factor, and the apartment current price and the results that compared. To have a point scale, we set the maximum road traffic noise at a 8 lane road for 5 points, give 4 points for a 6 lane road, which has a 2.1～2.5 dB(A) difference compared to a 8 lane road, give 3 points for a 4 lane road, which has a 5.2～5.5 dB(A) difference compared to a 8 lane road, and set 2 points for a 2 lane road and lower. If we set the standard floor plan as horizontal and a living room facing the roadside, the horizontal and living room facing the opposite side of the road is 1 point because it differs by 14.1 dB(A), and the vertical is 3 points since the difference is 5.3 dB(A). If we make grades by the distance, making standard the fifth floor with little soundproof effect from apartment to road, we observe a measurement below 2.9 dB(A) at a distance of less than 10 m and 5 dB(A), decreased at a distance of 20 m. Therefore, 4 points were given for less than 10m, 3 points for 10～20 m, 2 points for more than 20 m as we can apply the effect of a decay distance of line sound source and the decrease in noise effects of more than 6 dB(A), 1 point for more than 40m, and 0 points for more that 80 m since it is negligible. 28 apartments got 0 points because there is no effect of road traffic noise from other apartments, and 50 apartments where only the road at one side effect them got 5～10 points. 4 apartments (17-2, 6-3, 10-4, 3-3) received over 20 points. 15 cases showed a difference between developer price and resale price, and 11 cases (73%) among them showed the same trend (price increases with a low road traffic noise restriction factor point) with the point of road traffic noise restriction factor. 4 cases demonstrated the opposite trend, showing price increases with a high restriction factor point. Among the 4 cases, case numbers 2,6 and 9 appear to be more affected by the location factor (business district) than the road traffic noise restriction factor, and case number 1 appears to be affected by the building factor (openness and direction).

This research helps you understand the road traffic noise levels by using a noise map. We have observed the change of the road traffic noise levels around 07:00～08:30 and 22:00～23:00 using the noise map in the city. The road traffic noise level is very high both at noon and at night around a beltway and an interchange that is linked with a highway. It seems that the main route of so many vehicles, which are at neighboring cities such as N city and D and H districts and which avoid traffic jams in the city, is the beltway and interchange. The road traffic noise level of a nearby express bus terminal, railroad station, and airport is more than 75 dB at noon and 65 dB at night. The road traffic noise level of G city at night is observed to be more than 55 dB. The noise levels of a residence area and a university are higher than a road with high noise levels when the commuters drive to work. The end of the day exceeds 11 o'clock because of a culture level of development that arouses spare time, eating out, adults' drinking culture, nightlife of the youth, etc. Therefore, the road traffic noise level is high during late night hours, and it exceeds regulatory guidelines (55 dB(A)). It also damages the residence area that is located near the road.

This paper represents the statistical characteristics of sources and receptors for road traffic noise in apartment complex. Also we suggested that the site-specific characteristics of vertical and horizontal distributions in the complex apartment have been derived using a different analysis for evaluating levels of Leq1h by the apartment floor at a given distance from a road in terms of the flow rate, the mean speed of the traffic, and the percentage of the type vehicles in the day and night periods. As a result, the contribution orders of traffic quantity by the type of vehicles showed as followed: light vehicle>medium vehicle>heavy vehicle>motorcycle. Especially, the mixing ratio of entering the road on the heavy vehicle in the daytime was two times higher than that of in the night. The speed in all types of vehicle is in the range of 41 and 81 km/hr and noise level was not significantly different in day and night-time. The sources of road traffic noise had different variations and uncertainties using a random variable and probability distribution. The sound distribution to receptors by the apartment floor showed S curve between 1st floor and 15th floor With the normality test, the normal distributions using Anderson-Darling Test followed 1st, 3th, 13th and 15th floor in the daytime and all floors except 7th floor in the night (p>0.05). And also, the value of the pearson correlation coefficient (r) obtained in this study have significantly different at the range of floor. In conclusion, the results suggested that the distribution characteristics of levels of Leq1h on the sources and receptors of road traffic noise in apartment complex must be improved and developed on the guideline of regulation of road traffic noise.

Traffic noise is a kind of noise caused by cars, trains and aircraft. Among them, noise produced by cars is the most important factor in cities. According to the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER)'s survey, Road traffic noise levels in Busan are the highest of all the cities in Korea. So, appropriate measures for road traffic noise reduction is required. For this purpose, the construction of a noise map in Busan will play a vital role. However, road traffic noise formulas are constructed considering regional characteristics such as each country road's environment and vehicle quality. Therefore, prior to constructing a noise map in Busan, examination processes about each formula constituent status and estimation process are required preferentially. In this research, the basic first stage is to estimate Busan's road traffic noise. First, investigate characteristics of each road traffic noise estimate and using this, a noise map is constructed for road traffic noise in Busan. Then the adaptation of a road traffic noise formula is evaluated.

When houses or buildings are adjacent to roads, with no effective prevention of road traffic noise, neighbors are exposed to it. It is important to understand the properties of sound propagation before taking a counter- measure against road traffic noise. It is easy to estimate the properties of sound propagation without obstacles, but very difficult and complex to estimate them with ones. The purpose of this study is to present a useful tool that can estimate the properties of sound propagation. In the beginning of this study, we investigated the attenuation of road traffic noise with two pillar buildings, and presented practical approximate calculation method, and verified that through scale model. The outcomes from this study are as follows : ⑴ Over second reflection sound waves can be ignored. ⑵ Diffraction sound waves that happen when reflection sound and first diffraction wave are projected at the wedge of other building can be ignored.