This study was conducted to evaluate the level of atmospheric heavy metals and the relationship of that concentration with weather conditions. This research monitored the concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at every three hours by using High Volume Air Sampler from December 24th, of 1995 to Febuary 20th, 1996 in Kimhae area, which recently became a rapidly growing residential and industrial sitc. The items such as air-temperature, relative humidity, radition, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored by using Atmospheric Weather System at the same time. From the collected TSP, the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed by using the Atomic Absorption Spcetrophotometry. The mean concentration of TSP was 110.4 ㎍/㎥, and the mean concentration of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), were 0.837 ㎍/㎥, 0.486 ㎍/㎥, 0.264 ㎍/㎥, 0.157 ㎍/㎥, 0.054 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Regarding daily variations, the concentration of TSP was highest in the morning (158.1 ㎍/㎥) followed by evening (119.4 ㎍/㎥) and afternoon (111.1 ㎍/㎥). The concentration of Pb and Mn was higher in the morning, and that of Cu, Cr and Cd was higher in the afternoon and the evening. Regarding the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and weather condition, the concentration TSP revealed positive correlation with temperature, humidity, wind speed, but negative correlation with radition (p<0.01). The concentration of Mn revealed positive correlation with temperature and humidity, but negative correlation with wind speed (p<0.01). And the the concentration of pollutants and weather condition revealed higher correlation within the same time period. In summary, the paralleled mornitoring of air conditions and weather condition should be recommended to get the correct informations concerning the pollution and to prevent the deterioration of air conditions.

The waste biomass of Saccharomyces uvarum, used in fermentation industries to produce ethanol, were studied for their ability to absorb various heavy metal ions. Heavy metal ions studied in this research were Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb. The order of the sorption capacity was Pb>Cu>Co=Cr=Cd>Ni. The living Saccharomyces uvarum exhibited higher metal-uptake capacity than the dead Saccharomyces uvarum. After we compare the uptake capacity of the Saccharomyces uvarum for individual metal ions with for a mixture of them, the following was observed: in the mixed heavy metal solution the uptake capacity was decreased than the one heavy metal solution. The selective uptake was observed when all the heavy metal ions were dissolved in a mixed solution. The adsorption isotherm modelling was decribed with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The results were in good agreement with the Langmuir model.

In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by ^210Pb dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores. The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/㎠/yr(3.1㎜/yr) at Sta. C4, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/㎠/yr(4.8㎜/yr) at Sta. C1, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. C4. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. C1) and Chiljun waterway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28∼792 ㎍/㎠ and 0∼168㎍/㎠, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

This study was performed to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in water, sediment and soil of the 7 different sampling points along the West Nakdong river. The results were as follows: the concentrations of Zn, P, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the sediment were 197.48, 551.85, 67.01, 2.54, 491.39, 42.95 and 10.52ppm,respectively. The concentrations of Zn, F, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the soil was 83.32, 482.89, 17.15, 1.02, 226.02, 26.15 and 7.29ppm, respectively, The concentration ratios of heavy metals in the water to the sediment were 593 - 12700 (Cd >> Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Pb) and that of the water to the soil were 152 - 5100 (Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > As >Pb). The correlation coefficients of Cu and Pb were high among the water, sediment and soil. Because the accumulation amounts of heavy metal in the sediment were high, the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than in soil. The correlation coefficient of heavy metals among water, sediment and soil was high (0.79 - 0.95).

Result of this study indicate that two criteria must be met in order to have effective macrocycle-mediated transport in these emulsion system. First, one must effective extraction of the post transition metals, Cd^2+ Pb^2+ and Hg^2+,into toluene membrane. The effectiveness of this extraction is greatest if log K values for the metal-macrocycle interaction is large. Second, the ratio of the log K values for the metal ion-receiving phase to the metal ion-macrocycle interaction must be large enough to ensure quantitative stripping of the metal ion at the toluene phase interface. Control of the first step can be obtained by appropriate selection of macrocycle donor atom, substituents, and cavity radius. The second step can be controlled by selecting the proper complexing agent for inclusion in the receiving phase. The order of the transport, when using the several A^- species such as SCN^-,I^-,Br and Cl^- is the order of the changing degree of solvation for A^- and the transport of the metals is also affected by the control of concentration for receiving species because of solubility-differences. In this study, we can seperate each single metal ion from the mixture of Cd^2+, Pb^2+, and Hg^2+ ions by using the toluene membranes controlled by optimized conditions. Transport of the single metal is also very good, and alkaline and alkaline earth metals as interferences ions did not affect the seperation of the metals in this macrocycle-liquid membrances but transition metal ions were partially affected as interferences for the post transition metal ions.

In this study, we have investigated leaching characteristics of heavy metals and alkalinity centering around steel mill slags by several extraction methods, for the purpose of risk assessment that exert influence on environment and offer of the foundation data of reuse by slags. Korean standard method, U.S.EPA Extraction Procedure, alkalinity extraction test and 9 step sequential fractionation experiment by Miller et al. were carried out for investigating leachability of steel mill slags. As a result of this experiment, heavy metals were little detected and it was considered that alkalinity does not exert a bad effect around environment in slags with large particle size. By the result of 9 step fractionation experiment, heavy metal contents in slags were not plentiful, in addition, even comparatively plentiful contended heavy metals, for the most part, were likely to detained or bonded in silica matrix. Therefore, in case of slags with large particle size, it seems that leachability of heavy metals were next to impossible that is existed as a safety condition.