간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제5권 제4호 (1996년 8월) 13건
1.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Pusan is the largest coastal city with a population of about four million in Korea. Because of increased and confused traffic, photochemical air pollution become a major urban environmental problem recently. The photo-chemical air pollution weather forecasting method preciser than existing air pollution forecast method has been developed to forecast ozone episode days with meteorological conditions using the data measured at 7 air quality continuous monitoring stations from June to September using 2 years (1994, 1995).
The method developed in present study showed higher percentage correct and skill score than existing air pollution forecasting in KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration).
2.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
A Lagrangian dispersion model has been developed to study the transport of atmospheric pollutants over the southern Korean peninsula on sunny summer days. A mesoscale atmospheric model has been employed to provide the wind fields and information for turbulent diffusion for the calculation of trajectories using a conditioned particle technique. The model has been applied to the simulation of trajectories transport of atmospheric pollutants emitted from five sources in the coastal locations under various synoptic scale winds.
Under calm synoptic scale condition, the particles emitted during daytime are mixed vertically and transported toward inland by sea-breeze, according to the model simulation. The particles are then transported upward at the sea-breeze front or by the upward motion over the mountain, and some particles show tendency of returning toward the coast by the return flow of the sea-breeze circulation. The particles are found to remain over the peninsula throughout the integration period under calm synoptic scale condition. When there is westerly synoptic scale wind, the particles emitted in the west coast can reach the east coast within a day or faster depending on the speed. With a synoptic scale southerly wind of 5 m/s, most of the particles from the five sources are advected toward inland during daytime. During nighttime, significant portion of particles released in the west coast remains over the land, while most particles released in the east coast move toward the sea to the east of the middle peninsula.
3.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
A global carbon cycle model (GCCM), that incorporates interaction among the terrestrial biosphere, ocean, and atmosphere, was developed to study the carbon cycling and global carbon budget, especially due to anthropogenic CO2 emission. The model that is based on C, ^13C and ^14C mass balance, was calibrated with the observed CO2 concentration, δ^13C and Δ^14C in the atmosphere, Δ^14C in the soil, and Δ^14C in the ocean. Also, GCCM was constrained by the literature values of oceanic carbon uptake and CO2 emissions from deforestation. Inputs (forcing functions in the model) were the C, ^13C and ^14C as CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use, and ^14C infection into the stratosphere by bomb-tests. The simulated annual carbon budget of 1980s due to anthropogenic CO2 shows that the global sources were 5.43 Gt-C/yr from fossil fuel use and 0.91 Gt-C/yr from deforestation, and the sinks were 3.29 Gt-C/yr in the atmosphere, 0.90 Gt-C/yr in the terrestrial biosphere and 2.15 Gt-C/yr in the ocean. The terrestrial biosphere is currently at zero net exchange with the atmosphere, but carbon is lost via organic carbon runoff to the ocean. The model could be utilized for a variety of studies in CO_2 policy and management, climate modeling, CO2 impacts, and crop models.
4.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The surface meteorological and upper layer meteorological observation carried out to investigate influences of sea breeze effect on lower layer atmosphere at Gori nuclear power plant for 29∼30 July, 1996.
According to surface meteorological data, the inflow of sea breeze was occurred 11:30 on 29 July, 10:30 on 30 July, respectively at observation site. And the meteorological tower data showed that wind direction of sea breeze was identified as south-westerly, and wind speed of 58 m was 2 times stronger than that of 10 m.
It is notworthy that surface inversion layer which built from the night time to daybreak of next day was not broken off by seab reeze`s inflow for daytime, and strong inversion layer observed at 47∼243 m with moderately stable class (F) by URC. It was found that strong stable layer of potential temperature appeared at that layer, maximum relative humidity observed at the bottom of inversion layer and maximum mixing ratio observed in the low of inversion layer.
5.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study was conducted to evaluate the level of atmospheric heavy metals and the relationship of that concentration with weather conditions. This research monitored the concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at every three hours by using High Volume Air Sampler from December 24th, of 1995 to Febuary 20th, 1996 in Kimhae area, which recently became a rapidly growing residential and industrial sitc.
The items such as air-temperature, relative humidity, radition, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored by using Atmospheric Weather System at the same time. From the collected TSP, the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed by using the Atomic Absorption Spcetrophotometry.
The mean concentration of TSP was 110.4 ㎍/㎥, and the mean concentration of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), were 0.837 ㎍/㎥, 0.486 ㎍/㎥, 0.264 ㎍/㎥, 0.157 ㎍/㎥, 0.054 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Regarding daily variations, the concentration of TSP was highest in the morning (158.1 ㎍/㎥) followed by evening (119.4 ㎍/㎥) and afternoon (111.1 ㎍/㎥). The concentration of Pb and Mn was higher in the morning, and that of Cu, Cr and Cd was higher in the afternoon and the evening. Regarding the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and weather condition, the concentration TSP revealed positive correlation with temperature, humidity, wind speed, but negative correlation with radition (p<0.01). The concentration of Mn revealed positive correlation with temperature and humidity, but negative correlation with wind speed (p<0.01). And the the concentration of pollutants and weather condition revealed higher correlation within the same time period.
In summary, the paralleled mornitoring of air conditions and weather condition should be recommended to get the correct informations concerning the pollution and to prevent the deterioration of air conditions.
6.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
In order to investigate the characteristics of dustfall at eight sites in Pusan, the dustfall samples were collected with dust jar method from May to September 1995, and Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were analyzed.
The main results of this study are summarized as follows;
1) The total mean value of dustfall was 11.30 ton/℃/month.
2) The maximum and minimum values of dustfall were industrial and resident area respectively.
3) The dustfall showed the general trend in order as May>Jun>September>July.
4) The general trend of the heavymetals in dustfall was in order as Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cd>Cr>Mn and the concentrations of heavymetals had different tendencies according to sources of pollutant meterials.
5) The Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr in industrial area and Mn, Pb and Zn in traffic area were high. The concentrations of heavymetals in residence area and unpolluted area were generally low.
6) Cr, Cu and Cd were influenced by the steel industry and the metal products plant and Zn was influenced by the automobils. Mn, Fe and Ni were influenced by the soil as wel as artificial outlet.
7) The correlation between the total amount of dustfall and the concentrations of the heavymetals by month was high and the correlation between the heavymetals of the same origin was high.
7.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The temporal variations of the suspended material concentration (SMC) during spring-neap tidal cycle was investigated at more than 30 stations in Deukryang Bay, Korea, in 1 and 23 July, 1992. The averaged total SMC in spring tide was two times more than those in neap tide. It can be explained that the strong tidal current in spring tide disturbed bottom waters and induced higher SMC in the bay. The areal distributions of SMC for the surface and the bottom layers in the bay shows much different patterns during spring and neap tidal cycle. We concluded that the vertical stratification intensity of water mass is important factor of the horizonatal distribution of SMC in the bay.
8.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the higer concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were higer than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream.
Therefore, Joman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it`s pollution has had influence on Bonglim.
9.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The quantitative study of the groundwater contamination in a porous media is a difficult task. For complex problems, numerical solutions are the most effective means to study the movement of contaminants in the groundwater. The solute transport model used in this study has proved to be an efficient tool to model contaminant transport for complex problems. The model demonstrates its effectiveness in reproducing the contamination by chlorides of the roundwater at the landfill site due to leachate from the wastes. It describes the two dimentional solute transport and alteration of the water quality and forecasts the contamination for different management alternatives of the landfill. The model also indicates how the groundwater contamination can be contained within the Lowry site if a barrier is constructed downstream of the disposed wastes.
10.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluat the mixing effects on organic removal efficiency to treat low-strength synthetic wastewater using modified anaerobic filter reactor combining anaerobic filter and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Using the modified process the low-strength wastewater like municipal sewage could be treated with 85% T-COD removal efficiency at hydraulic retention time of 6 hours. At the constant organic loading of 0.5㎏ COD/㎥-day, the organic removal efficiency and effluent COD concentration are increased as influent COD concentration increased from 125 ㎎/ℓto 500 ㎎/ℓ. Mixing effects on organic removal efficiency are evident and optimum mixing speed is found as 50RPM. Placing the granular studge and media on which slime layer was pre-formed into the reactor seemed to be very effective in achieving short start-up period. Therefore the steady state was achived after 4 weeks and 1 week based on T-COD and S-COD, respectively.
11.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Chemical characteristics of the industrial wastewater sludge, degradation of the sludge in soil and CO2 generation and changes of nitrogen in soil treated with the sludge were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. Degradation rate of the sludge in soil was 26% at natural temperature, and 33% at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.
2. T-C, T-N and the C/N ratio of sludge in soil was 16.0%, 0.63% and 26, respectively, at natural temperature, and 15.0%, 0.65% and 23, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.
3. Camulative CO2 generation in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 284, 440 and 512 ㎎/100g, respectively, at natural temperature, and 440, 558 g and 654 ㎎/100 g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.
4. Changes of inorganic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge were 7.8, 12.8 and 16.3 ㎎/100g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. Mineralization ratio of organic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 10.7%, 13.6% and 15.2%, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.
5. Changes of pH in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of Industrial wastewater sludge were in the range of 6.7∼7.5 at natural temperature, and 6.1∼7.9 at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.
12.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
In the development of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, one of the serious problems is the dissolution of cathode material. Therefore, the development of the alternative cathode which is stable in molten carbonate is needed. In this research, the LiCoO2 was chosen as alternative cathode material. LiCoO2 powder was synthesized by high temperature calcination method and by citrate sol-gel method. And its structure and physical characteristics were analyzed by XRD, IR TGA and porosimeter. The conductivity and solubility of LiCoO2 electrode were also measured Homogeneous LiCoO2 powder was obtained by citrate sol-gel method at 445℃, however, obtained above 750℃ by high temperature calcination method. Homogeneous particle size distribution and fine powder were obtained by the citrate sol-gel method. LiCoO2 electrode showed higher electric conductivity (1.7 Ω^-1 ㎝^1) than NiO (0.1 Ω^-1 ㎝^-1) at 650℃. The solubilities of LiCoO2 electrode in electrolyte were varies 0.6 to 1.0 ppm during 200 hours. So, the solubilities of LiCoO2 were much lower than that of NiO.
13.
1996.08
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The effects of 0.2 ppm ozone on the developing chloroplast of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling during greening were examined by chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic electron transport activity, Fo, Fv and fluorescence quenching coefficient. Chlorophyll contents of seedling treated with ozone were not changed in comparison with the control during the 96 h greening experiment, but PS Ⅱ activity of the chloroplasts of seedlings treated with ozone was decreased by 15%. Fo was slightly decreased but Fv was decreased by 13% in comparison with the control. In fluorescence quenching analysis, qP and qE were decreased by 11% and 19%, respectively, in comparison with the control. These results suggest that oxidation site of PS Ⅱ is the site affected mostly and PQ pool is also affected slightly by 0.2 ppm ozone.
