간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제19권 제2호 (2010년 2월) 13건
1.
2010.02
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The most important factors relating to the indoor air environment are temperature, airflow, humidity, and contaminant concentration. A sensitivity analysis of indoor environment factors was carried out to grasp influences along with changes of atmospheric conditions. An integrated multizone model was used to predict these sensitivities. This model was applied to an apartment with six zones.
Airflow rates are influenced very seriously by changes of wind direct or wind velocity, but are influenced very slightly by changes of outdoor air temperature and are not influenced at all by changes of outdoor air humidity or contaminant concentration.
Indoor air temperatures are influenced very directly by changes of outdoor air temperature, but are influenced very slightly by wind direction or wind velocity and are not influenced at all by changes of outdoor air humidity or contaminant concentration.
Indoor air humidities are influenced very directly by changes of outdoor air humidity, but are not influenced at all by changes of outdoor air contaminant concentration and have little or no influence by changes of wind direction, wind velocity, or outdoor air temperature.
Indoor air contaminant concentrations are influenced very seriously by changes of wind direct or wind velocity, but are influenced somewhat by changes of outdoor air contaminant concentration and are influenced very slightly by changes of outdoor air temperature and are not influenced at all by changes of outdoor air humidity.
2.
2010.02
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This paper investigates the characteristics of turbulence schemes. Turbulence closures are fundamental for modeling the atmospheric diffusion, transport and dispersion in the boundary layer. In particular, in non-homogeneous conditions, a proper description of turbulent transport in planetary boundary layer is fundamental aspect. This study is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) and combines four different turbulence schemes to assess if the different schemes have a impact on simulation results of vertical profiles. Two of these schemes are Isotropc Deformation scheme (I.Def) and Anisotropic deformation scheme (A.Def) that are simple local scheme based on Smagorinsky scheme. The other two are Mellor-Yamada scheme (MY2.5) and Deardorff TKE scheme (D.TKE) that are more complex non-local schemes that include a prognostic equation for turbulence kinetic energy. The simulated potential temperature, wind speed and mixing ratio are compared against radiosonde observations from the study region. MY2.5 shows consistently reasonable vertical profile and closet to observation. D.TKE shows good results under relatively strong synoptic condition especially, mixing ratio simulation. Validation results show that all schemes consistently underestimated wind speed and mixing ratio but, potential temperature was somewhat overestimated.
3.
2010.02
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Rainfalls would increase the discharges or stages of tributary channels in natural watersheds, which in turn augment the magnitude of main stream stages. Rising of water surface elevation in main streams can affect and damage the human activities because of the possibilities of the breakdown or overflow of the embankment. Therefore it is necessary to establish the structural or non-structural alternatives for the sake of prevention or treatment of those disasters. Many mathematical models to analyze the flood flows in natural watercourses have been proposed as the non-structural alternatives so far. In this study one of the such models, FLDWAV developed by NWS(National weather Service), is applied to the downstream reach of Nakdong river. Model calibration is performed on various Manning's roughness coefficients at the gauging stations. The simulation results are compared well with hydrological estimations of flood discharges considering the effects of multipurpose dams upstream of control points.
4.
2010.02
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Air mass recirculation is a common characteristic in the coastal area as a result of the land-sea breeze circulation. This study simulates the recirculation of air mass over the Gwangyang Bay using WRF-FLEXPART and offers a basic information about the effective domain size that can reflect recirculation. For this purpose, WRF is set up four nested domains and three cases are selected. Subsequently FLEXPART is operated on the basis of WRF output. During the clear summer days with weak wind speed, particles that emitted from Yeosu national industrial complex and Gwangyang iron works flow into emission sources because of the land-sea breeze. When land-sea breeze is strengthen, the recirculation phenomena appears clearly. However particles aren't recirculated under weak synoptic condition. Also plume trajectory is analyzed and as a consequence, the smallest domain area have to be multiplied by 1.3 to understand recirculated dispersion pattern of particles.
5.
2010.02
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Accurate simulation of the meteorological field is very important to assess the wind resources. Some researchers showed that sea surface temperature (SST) plays a leading role on the local meterological simulation. New Generation Sea Surface Temperature (NGSST), Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), and Real-Time Global Sea Surface Temperature (RTG SST) have different spatial distribution near the coast and OSTIA shows the best accuracy compared with buoy data in the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. Those SST products are used to initialize the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for November 13-23 2008. The simulation of OSTIA shows better result in comparison with NGSST and RTG SST. NGSST shows a large difference with OSTIA in horizontal and vertical wind fields during the weak synoptic condition, but wind power density shows a large difference during strong synoptic condition. RTG SST shows the similar patterns but smaller the magnitude and the extent.
6.
2010.02
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The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Daecheon stream, an urban stream of Busan, was investigated to analyze the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. The collection was peformed monthly at five(A~E) sites divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, of stream from January to November, 2004. In physicochemical analysis of environmental factors, water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, conductivity and ABS were relatively increased in sites B and C. Whereas sites A, D and E showed little variations with good water quality parameters. However, water quality parameters in all surveyed sites showed gradual decrease with time toward improvement of water quality. A total of 8,226 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 302 families and 44 species were identified from five sites. The most dominant group was insect(class Insecta), and order Ephemeroptera and Diptera among insect was the largest member in species(30.6%) and individuals(75.0%) of benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. The primary dominant species were Gammarus sp. and Ephemera strigata in site A, whereas Chironomus sp. and Brenchiura sowerbyi were dominated commonly in the other sites. In community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates of Daecheon stream diversity index showed relatively low values, whereas dominance index was significantly high. Diversity index was the highest in site A, whereas the dominance index was the highest in site B. However, diversity index showed gradual increase with time showing adverse mode in dominance index. From these results, it can be suggested that long-term ecological monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is needed for sustainable management of Daecheon stream.
7.
2010.02
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This study was carried out to investigate the ecological characteristic of native Parasenecio firmus population in Korea and China. The survey quadrates were located in the middle of the native P. firmus habitats. According to the field survey, the habitats of P. firmus were classified into same Tilia amurensis community in tree layer. The investigation of native habitat in Korea shows that P. firmus inhabited deciduous forest from with T. amurensis, Acer pictum subsp. mono, Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which was similar to vegetation structure of Mt. Laoling in China. The result of the cluster analysis which uses SYN-TAX 2000 program, dissimilarity from 53% level was on a large scale divided at 2 units. The research revealed 96 taxa in total, in which 51 families, 81 genera, 21 varieties, 5 forma, 1 sub-species and 67 species were checked in the flora of the native P. firmus habitats.
8.
2010.02
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This study is an endeavor to evaluate the risk assessment of hazardous(aflatoxin B1) in medicines from oriental medical prescription which are circulated much recently. For that, twelve globular and granule types, seven liquid types of herbal medicine were bought to compare and analyze the content of aflatoxin B1, which are harmful to human body.
Woo Hwang Cheong Sim Hwan of Aflatoxin B1 concentration lower than the standard accepted by all the products have been detected, B company(tradition) is the concentration of 1.24 ㎍/kg, C company 1.04 ㎍/kg, A company(tradition) and B company did not detect. And the general pill of aflatoxin B1 concentration lower than the standard accepted by all the products have been detected, S-1 is the concentration of 1.8 ㎍/kg, S-2 of 1.04 ㎍/kg, S-3 of 0.88 ㎍/kg, S-4 of 9.32 ㎍/kg, S-6 of 7.8 ㎍/kg, S-5 did not detect. All the products eundan allowed in the concentration of aflatoxin B1 levels were lower than detection, D company of 0.96 ㎍/kg, E company concentration was not detected. The liquid product of aflatoxin B1 concentration was found liwer than the standard accepted by all the product, L-3 concentration of 0.8 ㎍/kg, K-4 was detected in the 1.16 ㎍/kg, L-1 and L-2 is not detected, L-5 concentration of 15 ㎍/kg, L-7 is detected as 1.08 ㎍/kg and, L-6 was not detected.
9.
2010.02
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This paper was studied CO2 respiration rate with physicochemical properties of soils at wetland, paddy field and forest in Nongju-ri, Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon city, Jeollanam-do. Soil temperature and CO2 respiration rate were measured at the field, and soil pH, moisture and soil organic carbon were analyzed in laboratory. Field monitoring was conducted at 6 points (W3, W7, W13, W17, W23, W27) for wetland, 3 points (P1, P2, P3) for paddy field and 3 points (F1, F2, F3) for forest in 10 January 2009. CO2 concentrations in chamber were measured 352∼382 ppm for wetland, 364∼382 ppm for paddy field and 379∼390 ppm for forest, and the average values were 370 ppm, 370 ppm and 385 ppm, respectively. CO2 respiration rates of soils were measured -73∼44 mg/㎡/hr for wetland, -74∼24 mg/㎡/hr for paddy field and -55∼106 mg/㎡/hr for forest, and the average values were -8 mg/㎡/hr, -25 mg/㎡/hr and 38 mg/㎡/hr. CO2 was uptake from air to soil in wetland and paddy field, but it was emission from soil to air in forest. CO2 respiration rate function in uptake condition increased exponential and linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. But, it in emission condition decreased linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. CO2 respiration rate function in wetland decreased linear as soil moisture, but its in paddy and forest increased linear as soil moisture. CO2 respiration rate function in all sites increased linear as soil pH, and increasing rate at forest was highest.
10.
2010.02
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As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: O3, NO2, SO2, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined.
This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.
11.
2010.02
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The relationship between air temperatures and the fraction of urban areas (FUA) and their linear regression equation were estimated using land-use data provided by the water management information system (WAMIS) and air temperatures by the Korea Meteorology Administration (KMA) in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) during 1975 through 2000. The future FUA in the SMA (from 2000 to 2030) was also predicted by the urban growth model (i.e., SLEUTH) in conjunction with several dataset (e.g., urban, roads, etc.) in the WAMIS. The estimated future FUA was then used as input data for the linear regression equation to estimate an annual mean minimum air temperature in the future (e.g., 2025 and 2030). The FUA in the SMA in 2000 simulated by the SLEUTH showed good agreement with the observations (a high accuracy (73%) between them). The urban growth in the SMA was predicted to increase by 16% of the total areas in 2025 and by 24% in 2030. From the linear regression equation, the annual mean minimum air temperature in the SMA increased about 0.02℃/yr and it was expected to increase up to 8.3℃ in 2025 and 8.7℃ in 2030.
12.
2010.02
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Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.
13.
2010.02
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A stabilization/solidification (S/S) process for lead (Pb) contaminated soils was evaluated using waste cow bone containing apatite like compounds. Soil samples obtained form firing range were treated with waste cow bone. The effectiveness of stabilization was evaluated based on the Korean Standard Leaching Test (KSLT) and soil pH. The leached concentration reduced with increased in dose of waste cow bone. Overall, the KSLT results showed that Pb concentration in soils are significantly affected by amount of waste cow bone. When soil amended with 20 % of waste cow bone, less than 0.1 mg/kg was leached, and soil pH was increased from 6.5 to 8.4. Same results were obtained when finer waste cow bone was applied. The reachable concentration of Pb in soil showed in inversely proportional to solid/liquid ratio. Aging periods indicate improving mix design was applied. Relatively high lead concentrations was observed at the first 1 days, however leaching profile are reduced significantly over time for all mix designs.
