간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제10권 제3호 (2001년 6월) 11건
1.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The aim of this paper is to evaluate users' benefit values of theme park using Travel Cost Method with special reference to Woobang Tower Land in Taegu for the estimation of economic values. This research is mainly based on questionnaire survey of 100 users of the theme park. Socio-economic factors such as income, year of education, annual income, age and money(travel cost) are analysed from 5 residential areas of the respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used for the evaluation of annual number of park visitings based on the analysis. The regression model shows NV = α + β1TC + β2INC + β3EDU + β4AGE (NV : Annual Number of Visitings, TC : Travel Cost, INC : Annual Income, EDU : Years of Education, AGE : Age). Regarding to visitors demand curve based on the equation showed that annual economic values of Woobang Tower Land was estimated as 50billion Korean Won.
2.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
제주도를 중심으로 하여 동쪽해역과 서쪽해역 해수의 일주 변화 특성을 규명하기 위하여 1997년 6월 20일부터 22일 까지 각 해역 1개 정점에서 24시간 동안 2시간 간격으로 연속 관측을 실시하여 그 결과를 고찰하였다.
동·서 해역의 수온은 표층에서는 거의 비슷하나 저층에서는 동쪽해역이 15.02℃, 서쪽해역이 13.8℃로 나타났으며, 염분분포는 동쪽해역 표층 33.81, 저층 34.33, 서쪽해역 33.34, 34.11로 동쪽해역이 서쪽해역 보다 고온 고염수가 분포하고 있다. 영양염류의 분포에 있어서 질산염 함량은 표층에서는 동,서해역이 거의 비슷하나 저층에서는 동쪽해역이 서쪽해역보다 더 높게 나타났으며, 인산염 함량은 다른 영양염류와 달리 전 수층에서 동쪽해역이 서쪽해역보다 높게 나타났다. 규산염은 질산염과 비슷한 경향을 보였으나, Chlorophyll-a는 서쪽해역이 동쪽해역 보다 2∼4배 높았다.
일주변화는 수온, 염분은 수온약층인 30m층에서 변동폭이 가장 크게 나타났으며, pH는 수심별 변화는 거의 없고 식물플랑크톤의 광합성 작용에 의하여 주간이 야간에 비해 높았다. 영양염류는 수심이 깊어짐에 따라 변동폭이 크게 나타났으며, 질산염과 인산염의 함량은 주간보다 야간이 높았다. 그러나 규산염은 주·야간 변화가 없었다. Cholrohpyll-a는 유광층인 30m층, 50m층에서 변화폭이 크게 나타났다.
영양염류의 구성비인 N/P비는 동쪽해역 13, 서쪽해역 16으로 동쪽해역보다 서쪽해역이 높은 질산염을 함유한 해수가 분포하고 있다. 동·서해역 모두 플랑크톤의 광합성 활동이 활발한 주간보다 야간에 2배 정도 높았다. Si/P비는 N/P비와 달리 주·야간 및 표·저층간 차이도 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 질소와 인의 상관성은 동쪽해역는 유의성이 높은 정의 상관관계를, AOU와 질소.인의 상관성은 동쪽해역는 유의성이 좋은 정의 관계가 나타났으나, 서쪽해역에서는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다.
3.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
For the purpose of predicting air pollutants concentration in Pusan coastal urban, we used an Eulerian model of flow and dispersion/chemistry/deposition process considering SST effects which estimate through POM. The results of air quality model including emission from various sources show that the seasonal variation pattern of respective pollutants was affected by the seasonal SST fields and local circulation. Horizontal deviation of diurnal SST was 2.5∼4K, especially large gradients in coastal region. Through numerical simulation of wind fields we predicted that local circulation prevailed during daytime in summer and nighttime in winter. So high concentration distribution showed toward inland in spring and summer seasons, while high concentration distribution showed at inland near coast in autumn and winter.
4.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The personal exposures of nitrogen dioxide(NO2), microenvironmental levels and daily time activity patterns on Seoul subway station workers were measured from February 10 to March 12, 1999. Personal NO2 exposure for 24 hours were 29.40±9.75 ppb. NO2 level of occupational environment were 27.87±7.15 ppb in office, 33.60±8.64 ppb in platform and 50.13±13.04 ppb in outdoor. Personal exposure time of subway station workers was constituted as survey results with 7.94±3.00 hours in office, 2.82±1.63 hours in platform and 1 hours in outdoor. With above results, personal NO2 exposure distributions on subway station workers in Seoul were estimated with Monte Carlo simulation which uses statistical probabilistic theory on various exposure scenario testing. Some of distributions which did not have any formal patterns were assumed as custom distribution type. Estimated personal occupational NO2 exposure using time weighted average (TWA) model was 31.29±5.57 ppb, which were under Annual Ambient Standard (50 ppb) of Korea. Though arithmetic means of measured personal NO2 exposure was lower than that of occupational NO2 exposure estimated by TWA model, considering probability distribution type simulated, probability distribution of measured personal NO2 exposures for 24 hours was over ambient standard with 3.23%, which was higher than those of occupational exposure (0.02%). Further research is needed for reducing these 24 hour NO2 personal excess exposures besides occupational exposure on subway station workers in Seoul.
5.
2001.06
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To investigate the physio-chemical components and properties of aerosol particles in urban area sampling of aerosol particles was carried out in the campus of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, during snowfall. Aerosol particles were collected on millipore filter papers using a low volume air sampler. Their shapes, sizes and chemical components were analyzed by a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and an EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray).
As a results, ice crystals of dendrite and column types were predominantly shown at mature and developing stage of snowfall intensity. The denerite and sector plate types of ice crystals were mainly originated from the sea but column types were come from soil. Scavenging effect by snowfall was greatly also shown at dendrite type ice crystals that embryo was fully developd. Al, Si elements were shown at high frequencies as compared with others. Na, Cl components were especially shown at high frequencies under the sea-breeze wind during snowfall. Anthropogenic aerosol particles had shown with irregular shapes and sizes, relatively. Mainly 3-7㎛ aerosol particles were abundant and coarse particles also could be seen during snowfall. Ca, Zn, Fe components mainly caused by spike tires from vehicles in winter season were dominant before snowfall, however the element S mainly caused by human activity was rich after snowfall. The pH values of snow in Sapporo city were higher than those at coastal area. The concentration of chemical components in aerosol particles was also affected by surface winds.
Aerosol particles in urban area, Sapporo were mainly affected by human activities like vehicles and combustion with wind system. And their types were related with snowfall intensity.
6.
2001.06
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Dustfall particles were collected by the modified American dust jar (wide inlet bottle type) at 6 sampling sites in Pusan area from March, 1999 to February, 2000. Thirteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn) were analyzed by AAS and ICP.
The purposes of this study were to estimate qualitatively various bulk deposition flux of dustfall and insoluble components by applying regional and seasonal distribution. Dustfall amount of regional variations were found in order of coastal zone, industrial zone, commercial zone, agricultural zone and residential zone, and seasonal total dustfall had higher concentrations during spring for 6.741 ton/㎢/season, lower concentrations during summer for 1.989 ton/㎢/season, and annual total concentration was 17.742 ton/㎢/year.
The regional distributions of enrichment factor show well-defined anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) at industrial and agricultural zone, and contribution rate of soil particles were found in order of summer, fall, winter and spring. Factor loading effects of chemical composition of dustfall were found in order of road traffic emission source and combustion processed source, industrial activity source, soil source and marine source.
7.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Where no records are available at a site, a preliminary estimate may be made from relations between floods and catchment characteristics. A number of these characteristics were chosen for testing and were measured for those catchments where mean annual flood estimates were available.
Although the improvement using extended data in regression of flood estimates on catchment characteristics was small, this may be due to the limitations of the regression model. When an individual short term record is to be extended, more detailed attention can be given; an example is presented of the technique which should be adopted in practice, particularly when a short term record covers a period which is known to be biassed.
A method of extending the peaks over a threshold series is presented with a numerical example. The extension of records directly from rainfall by means of a conceptual model is discussed, although the application of such methods is likely to be limited by lack of recording raingauge information.
Methods of combining information from various sources are discussed in terms of information from catchment characteristics supplemented by records. but are generally applicable to different sources of information.
The application of this technique to estimating the probable maximum flood requires more conservative assumptions about the antecedent condition, storm profile and unit hydrograph. It is suggested that the profile and catchment wetness index at the start of the design duration should be based on the assumption that the estimated maximum rainfall occurs in all durations centered on the storm peak.
8.
2001.06
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The fish species collected in the Keumho River basin are 42 species 31 genera elonging to 15 Families. This report was investigated for the evaluation of water quality in the Keumho River system which is a tributary of Nakdong River in Korea on september in 1999. The fishes collected were 42 species, 31 genera belonging to 15 Families. The dominant species were 5 species; Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Moroco oxycephalus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and 8 species; Hemibarbus longirostris, Pseudogobio esocinus, Culter brevicauda, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Pungitius sinensis kaibarae, Monopterus albus, Clanna argus were rare species. The relationship among the GPI, EC and BOD by the organic pollutants were over 0.9. The group pollution index(GPI) was lowest at St. 1(0.85) and highest at St. 5(2.33). The water quality of the Keumho river divided into 3 parts; the water of upper reaches in river(St. 1) was 1st class(oligotrophic condition), middle parts(St. 2, 3, 4) were 3rd class( a -mesosaprobic condition) and lower part(St. 5) was 4th class(Polysaprobic condition) as the source of tap water, respectively. And the tributary which are the Sinryeong Stream(St. 6), the Sincheon Stream(St. 7) and the Donghwa Stream(St. 9) in Keumho river were 2nd class as the source of tap water. The results in this study was represented same patterns as the result by the use of indicator species like as algae and invertebrates for the discrimination of water quality. So, some freshwater fish species can be use applicant for the discrimination of water quality.
9.
2001.06
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Immobilized nitrifier bead in airlift bioreactor were used to remove high levels of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic wastewater. Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) bead for immmobilization of nitrifier consortium were prepared by PVA-boric acid method by varying concentration of PVA and nitrifier consortium. By determining viscosity, sphercity and tailing, the characteristics of prepared beads were investigated and the continous immobilization process was developed.
Synthetic wastewater containg 25g/㎥ of ammonia nitrogen could be treated within 0.5 hour and the highest removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 934.2g/㎥ ·day.
10.
2001.06
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This research was performed to investigate the dynamics of microbial community by RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor) using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT and activated sludge. Cell counts revealed by DAPI were compared with culturable bacterial counts from nutrient agar. Colony counts on nutrient agar gave values 20∼25% and 1∼15% of cell counts (DAPI). The cell counts for the dynamics of bacterial community were determined by combination of in situ hybridization with fluorescently-labelled oligonucleotide probes and epifluorescence microscopy. Around 90∼80% of total cells visualized by DAPI were also detected by the bacteria probe EUB 338. For both reactors proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the first stage (1 and 2 stage) and proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the last stage (3 and 4 stage).
11.
2001.06
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This study was performed to evaluate the inactivation and microbial regrowth of heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria using chloramine as a secondary disinfectant for drinking water distribution system. Three sets of the three reactors filled with the Cl2/NH3-N ratio of 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1 were used in these experiments. Chloramine concentration were applied to each set of the reactors with 1㎎/ℓ, 2㎎/ℓ and 3㎎/ℓ, respectively. For the set with 1㎎/ℓ was applied, all the reactors showed that the residual chloramine concentration gradually decreased with elapsed time and reached to zero level after 7 days. Heterotrophic bacteria remarkably increased and nitrification occurred after 11 days. For the sets with 2㎎/ℓ and 3㎎/ℓ, however, the residual chloramine was maintained through the experimenatal period (21 day). Furthermore the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria and nitrification were not found. More than 2㎎/ℓ of chloramine with Cl2/NH3-N ratio of 3:1, the nitrification could be inhibited by 2 days of contact time.
