간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제20권 제12호 (2011년 12월) 13건
1.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the antioxidant system under paraquat(PQ) stress was investigated in leaves of 8-week-old lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. PQ stress caused a decrease of leaf growth including leaf length, width and weight. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated PQ stress induced growth suppression. SNP permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem Ⅱ than in non-treated controls under PQ exposure, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in lettuce leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin were significantly accumulated in the leaves upon PQ exposure. However, the rapid increase of these compounds was alleviated in the SNP treated leaves. PQ treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves, while SNP prevented PQ induced increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. These results demonstrate that SNP serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge H2O2 to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in lettuce leaves in the presence of NO donor under PQ stress were higher than those under PQ stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the lettuce leaves arrested SNP mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant systems. However, PTIO had little effect on lettuce leaves under PQ stress compared with that of PQ stress alone. The obtained data suggest that the damage caused by PQ stress is in part due to increased generation of active oxygen by maintaining increased antioxidant enzyme activities and SNP protects plants from oxidative stress. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative damage induced by PQ stress and thus confer PQ tolerance.
2.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of the marine environment, including nutritional content, in order to clearly understand the outbreaks of Gonyaulax polygramma in the southern coastal areas in August, 2009. Samples were collected at 13 sites and water temperature and salinity were measured using a CTD. Field surveys were twice: the first between August 5-7, the second between August 22-24. The cell density of G. polygramma was 6,500-10,000 cells ml-1 during the 1st survey, whereas during the 2nd survey the range of the cells was recorded from 8,000 to 12,500 cells ml-1. Cochlodinium polykrikoides ranged from 0 to 105 cells l-1 during the field survey. In water environments, the majority stations during the 1st survey showed a nearly homogeneous water column below 1℃ in temperature, as well as similar profiles of salinity. However, the stratification between the surface and bottom was observed in the 2nd survey. Regarding nutrients, Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in the surface ranged from 0.144 to 0.236 mg l-1 during the 1st survey, and 0.082-0.228 mg l-1 during the 2nd survey. DIP (Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus) did not show any difference in concentration between the 1st and 2nd survey. During August of 2009, the wind speed in the southern waters remained at around ≤2 m s-1 for about 60% of time, and there was very little precipitation during the month. Irradiance of ≥10 hr was shown in the late of August. It is thought that a low level of DIN and salinity play an important role as an essential factor for rapid growth, wide distribution and longer duration of red tide in G. polygramma.
3.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study was conducted to identify the sedimentation quantity and settling velocity, sediment fundamental data that an important position of water quality management of Seston, POC, PP and PN in Nakdong river basin using a sediment traps to collect suspended material pollutants. Nakdong river basin is that average sedimentation quantity of seston, POC, PP and PN were 124∼1,125 g/m2/d, 2,963∼25,072, 26∼347, 445∼2,184 mg/m2/d, respectively. Settling velocity of Seston, POC, PP and PN were 17.0, 35.5, 8.7, 2.4 m/d. It was appeared that various results according to the river flow, weather and other environmental factors. There was no significant correlation, each suspended material pollutants. Sedimentation rates are likely to be overestimated because the flow is not considered to resuspended materials. Therefore diversification through continued monitoring is needed to be analyzed.
4.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study applied the Bayesian method for the quantification of the parameter uncertainty of spatial linear mixed model in the estimation of the spatial distribution of probability rainfall. In the application of Bayesian method, the prior sensitivity analysis was implemented by using the priors normally selected in the existing studies which applied the Bayesian method for the puppose of assessing the influence which the selection of the priors of model parameters had on posteriors. As a result, the posteriors of parameters were differently estimated which priors were selected, and then in the case of the prior combination, F-S-E, the sizes of uncertainty intervals were minimum and the modes, means and medians of the posteriors were similar to the estimates using the existing classical methods. From the comparitive analysis between Bayesian and plug-in spatial predictions, we could find that the uncertainty of plug-in prediction could be slightly underestimated than that of Bayesian prediction.
5.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The study analyzes groundwater balance with regard to the water recharge and discharge which contain urbanization components in Suyeong-gu, Busan. It also verifies the reliability and accuracy improvement on the analysis of the balance. The result of the study is viewed as preliminary data which are useful to develop, utilize and manage groundwater. The average quantity of groundwater recharge is 6,014.1 ㎥/day in the research area during the last ten year period(from 1998 to 2007). The outflow from drainage areas to rivers and coasts is 149.3 ㎥/day, the inflow from rivers and coasts to drainage area is 439.9 ㎥/day. The use of the water is 4,243.0 ㎥/day. The outflow caused by subway in line No.2 and No.3 through Suyeong-gu and the one by building an underground electric complex is 1,500.0 ㎥/day. The leakage of water works is 6514.9 ㎥/day. The inflow and outflow of sewerage is 5082.2 ㎥/day from groundwater to sewer. The amount of groundwater recharge, the inflow from rivers and coasts to drainage area, and the leakage of water works belong to the amount of groundwater inflow and the total amount is 12,968.9 ㎥/day. The amount of outflow from drainage area to rivers and coasts, the use of groundwater, outflow by subway and underground electric complex tunnel and the amount of inflow of the water to sewerage belong to the amount of outflow of groundwater and the sum amount is 13,031.5 ㎥/day. The gap between the amount of inflow and outflow of groundwater is 62.6 ㎥/day, which is considered to reflect the trend that the short term drop in the amount of rainfall results in the amount of groundwater recharge and that the amount of outflow from drainage area to rivers and coasts decreases.
6.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and analyzing the correlationship between communities and environmental conditions in Mt. Wolchulsan. We also predicted the succession possibility and the vertical distribution change of vegetations according to the global warming, through the pioneer species of a forest change and dominant species of canopy vegetations. We also analyzed the Raunkiaer's life-form. The communities in this ecotone are distributed vertically in the order of a Quercus acuta community, a Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community and a Q. serrata community. A Pinus densiflora community appears on the most of altitudes. The distribution of communities correlates highly with an altitude. The Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community will be succession to the Q. acuta community, and the Q. variabilis will be under natural selection gradually or remain locally. The Q. serrata community will possibly maintain as it is, and the P. densiflora community will be also under natural selection gradually. The valuable quantitative and numerical life-forms are confirmed and the layer structure of present vegetation will not be changed.
7.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Emission reduction program for in-use diesel vehicles(ERPDV) has been enacted since 2004 over the Seoul metropolitan area, and diesel emission reduction is forced to fulfill this regulation. This study was performed to evaluate the ERPDV using PM10 concentrations of both road-side monitoring and national background network during the period of 2004-2010. In order to assess the pure road emission, we first eliminated the long range transport effect by deducting the trend of annual national background concentrations from the road-side PM10 concentrations, and then analyzed the time series of the resultant PM10 concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area.
The annual rates of variations of road-side PM10 with the deduction of trend of background level show -3.2, +0.4, and -2.4㎍/㎥/year, in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyonggi province, respectively. There are steadily decreasing trend in Seoul with all of statistic parameters such as mean, mediam, 5%ile, 10%ile, 25%ile, 75%ile, 90%ile, and 95%ile concentrations. Incheon shows some fluctuations with positive with no significant trend, and Gyonggi province shows overall decreasing but not consistent. Student-t test shows 95% significant level of ERPDV effect in Seoul, but there exists no significant level greater than 90% in both Incheon, and Kyonggi province. Total annual averaged trend over the whole Seoul metropolitan area is estimated to lie in approximately -2.9㎍/㎥/year in this study, implying the intimate involvement of ERPDV to a large extent. This is also suggesting that the further research cost-effectiveness of ERPDV with consideration of the long range transport process would be needed over the Seoul metropolitan area.
8.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
To evaluate heat environment surrounding plants diurnal change of leaf temperature in the broad-leaved deciduous and evergreen trees was measured with microclimatic environmental factors including global solar radiation, and upward and downward long wave radiation. Maximum daily solar radiation was 961.2 and 976.3 w/m2 in August 9 and 23, respectively. Upward long wave radiation was slightly higher than downward long wave radiation, showing 404.2 w/m2 in August 9 and 394.5 w/m2 in August 23. In addition, daily maximum vapor pressure deficit was 5.42 and 6.84 kPa in August 9 and 23, respectively, indicating high evaporative demand. Quercus glauca and Acer mono was differently responded to changing light regimes. On August 9, leaf temperature at the top-positioned leaves of Acer plants was higher than air temperature as well as those of Quercus plants in the morning. This indicates that stomata in Acer plants were closed by heat stress or water stress in the morning, while Quercus plant maintained active transpiration by opening stomata.
These results indicated that improved light regimes such as gap opening in the closed forest may not always affect positively in the physiology of understory plants.
9.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The adsorption performance of cupper and zinc ions(Cu2+ and Zn2+) in aqueous solution was investigated by an adsorption process on reagent grade Na-A zeolite(Z-WK) and Na-A zeolite (Z-C1) prepared from coal fly ash. Z-C1 was synthesized by a fusion method with coal fly ash from a thermal power plant. Batch adsorption experiment with Z-C1 was employed to study the kinetics and equilibrium parameters such as initial metal ions concentration and adsorption time of the solution on the adsorption process. Adsorption rate of metal ions occurred rapidly and adsorption equilibrium reached at less than 120 minutes. The kinetics data of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetics model more than a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The equilibrium data were well fitted by a Langmuir model and this result showed Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption on Z-C1 would be occupied by a monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity(qmax) by the Langmuir model was determined as Cu2+ 99.8 mg/g and Zn2+ 108.3 mg/g, respectively. It appeared that the synthetic zeolite, Z-C1, has potential application as absorbents in metal ion recovery and mining wastewater.
10.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Caustic (NaOH) solution is used to remove H2S from hydrocarbon streams in petroleum refining industry, gradually being, so called, spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) which has high levels of H2S and alkalinity. Thus, SSC can be used as an electron donor and a buffering agent for autotrophic denitrification. As SSC, however, contains some non-biodegradable organics, air stripping was conducted to remove the non-biodegradable organics. As a result, over 93 % of the non-biodegradable organics was removed within 30 min of aeration. Then, Na2S2O3·5H2O, methanol and organic matters, which are produced from a biodiesel production plant, were added to reform the air-stripped SSC and their products being referred to new sulfidic caustics (NSCs)Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Thereafter, to investigate the effect of these products on the removal of COD and TN, these products were injected to a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, resulting in additional 44 % TN removal without noticeable increase in the effluent COD level. Therefore, it can be said that the BNR process is a promising option to treat NSC as demonstrated in this study whose results can be useful for developing resource recovery technologies.
11.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The aim of this study is to clarify what influence has on elementary school children's environmental awareness in time of teaching environmental problems from an animistic viewpoint and from non-animistic viewpoint.
For this purpose, this study carried out its research targeting 126 students in fourth grade at M elementary school located in U Metropolitan City. This study suggested the environmental problems by re-edifying the already suggested environmental problems from an animistic viewpoint to 62 students for two classes which were classified as an experimental group after sampling 10 cases of the representative environmental problems that might derive from the earth system, and conducted the class on 10 main topics relevant to the problematic situation of environment with an animistic viewpoint excluded targeting the remaining 64 students forming a comparison group.
The results of this study were as follows:
First, there appeared an ex-ante ex-post statistically significant difference in the awareness of environmental problems from the experimental group which received an environmental class from an animistic viewpoint. However, there didn't appear a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. This study interprets this result to mean that elementary students' awareness of environmental problems increase because they think about the environmental problems by associating them with a problem of life when the students receive the environmental class from an animistic viewpoint.
Second, there appeared an ex-ante ex-post statistically significant difference in the awareness of environmental problems from the experimental group which received an environmental class from an animistic viewpoint. However, there didn't appear a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. Regarding this aspect, this study believes that the experimental group shows much higher willingness to environmental act in comparison with the comparison group because elementary school students think of inanimate objects as living things.
12.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This April 5th dam and Hwanggang dam, which are located in Imjin river, North Korea, become the main causes of water shortages and damages in Imjin river downstream. April 5th dam is assumed a small or medium-sized dam, its total storage volume reaches about 88 million ㎥. And Hwanggang dam, multi-purposed dam of total storage volume approximately 0.3 billion ㎥ to 0.4 billion ㎥ is used as source of residental or industrial water in Gaeseong Industrial Complex. North Korea, which has April 5th dam and Hwanggang dam in Imjin river, manages water of approximately 0.39 billion ㎥ to 0.49 billion ㎥ directly. As water is storaged or discharged through dam, it causes a severe damage to areas in Yeoncheon-gun and Paju city, South Korea. Therefore, this study intends to analyze and estimate runoff through dam construction by using hydrological observation data and artificial data such as service water supply and agricultural water in Imjin river, water shortage and damage correctly.
13.
2011.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The Government had devised legislation of Special Act and drew up guidelines for improving air quality in Seoul Metropolitan area. In 2007 local government of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi conducted the results of application policy by reduced air pollutants emission for the first time. Although there was reduction of air pollutant emission in each local government, it was ineffective as expected using air pollution monitoring database. Therefore we worked out a way to prepare modeling input data using the results of enforcement plan. And we simulated surface NO_2 and PM10 before and after decrease in air pollutants emission and examine reduction effects of air pollution according to enforcement regulation except other influence, by using MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ system.
Each local government calculated the amount of emission reduction under application policy, and we developed to prepare input data so as to apply to SMOKE system using emission reduction of enforcement plan. Distribution factor of emission reduction were classified into detailed source and fuel codes using code mapping method in order to allocate the decreased emission. The code mapping method also included a way to allocate spatial distribution by CAPSS distribution. According to predicted result using the reduction of NOx emission, NO_2 concentration was decreased from 19.1 ppb to 18.0 ppb in Seoul. In Gyeonggi and Incheon NO_2 concentrations were down to 0.65 ppb and 0.68 ppb after application of enforcement plan. PM10 concentration was reduced from 18.2 ㎍/㎥ to 17.5 ㎍/㎥ in Seoul. In Gyeonggi PM10 concentration was down to 0.51 ㎍/㎥ and in Incheon PM10 concentration was decreased about 0.47 ㎍/㎥ which was the lower concentration than any other cities.
