간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제8권 제1호 (1999년 2월) 17건
1.
1999.02
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This study was carried out to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes and early development system of Asterias amurensis. From the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, because development of A. amurensis were moderately inhibited. However, Sunchon, Kwangyang, and Jinhae Bay belonged to grade Ⅲ, because development of A. amurensis were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation.
The water quality at Yosu island was the grade I, because A. amurensis were not inhibited in its early development.
2.
1999.02
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밀양강 수계 7개 지점에 대하여 1997년 4월부터 12월까지 5회에 걸쳐 채집된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집분석 및 저서성 대형무척추동물에 의한 생물학적 수질평가 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
분류군은 총 3문 8강 15목 37과 45속 81종으로서 빈모류 1종, 거머리류 2종, 복족류 6종, 부족류 5종, 갑각류 2종, 곤충류 65종으로 곤충류가 가장 많았다.
전체 지점에 대한 평균 개체수 현존량은 815개체/㎡였다. 이 중 곤충류(약80%)가 가장 많았으며, 다시 곤충류 중에는 하루살이류(약 70%)와 날도래류(약 18%)가 주를 이루었다. 각 지점별 평균개체수 현존량을 보면, 제1지점인 청도천의 경우 262개체/㎡(32.2%)로서 가장 많은 출현율을 보였고, 제7지점인 밀양강 끝지점의 경우 38개체 /㎡(4.7%)로서 가장 출현율이 낮았다.
전체 평균 수준에서의 제1우점종은 Ecdyomurus levis Navas였으며, 우점도지수는 0.3이었다. 각 지점별 우점종을 보면 제1지점부터 제5지점까지는 Ecdyomurus levis Navas이였고, 제6지점과 제7지점은 Hirudinidae sp.1이었다. 그리고, 전체 평균 수준에서의 다양도지수는 2.66이었다. 조사지점별 평균 다양도 지수를 보면 제4지점이 가장 높았으며(H'=3.47), 다음은 제2지점, 1지점, 3지점, 5지점, 6지점, 7지점의 순이었다.
생물학적 지표종을 중심으로한 수질평가에 의하면, 밀양강 전체의 평균은 군오염지수(GPI) 1,49로서 β-mesosaprobic의 II급수로 평가되었다. 각 지점별로는 제3지점의 경우 Oligosaprobic의 I급수로서 가장 양호한 수질이었고, 제1지점과, 제2지점, 제4지점, 제5지점은 β-mesosaprobic의 II급수로, 제6지점은 β-mesosaprobic의 III급수로 평가되었다. 그리고, 제7지점은 α-mesosaprobic의 III급수로서 가장 수질이 불량한 것으로 평가되었다.
3.
1999.02
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The degree of pesticides accumulation in tap water in Taejon from June 1995 to Apr 1996 was measured by Ellman's coupled enzyme assay. Since organic phosphate and carbamate pesticides specifically inhibit the neurotransmitter modulating enzyme acetylcholinesterase(AChE), the enzyme activity can be used as a diagnosis for the pesticides accumulation in water and various samples.
During the period of this study, the enzyme activity was changed almost every week. The lowest enzyme activity was 64 % of that of the control reaction and there are several days showing about 100 % enzyme activity. In general, the enzyme activity is higher in summer than other seasons especially early spring times. The pH value of tap water was very close to neutral(pH 7.0) and it seems that the enzyme activity was not affected by the small pH changes.
Either boiling of tap water or addition of NaOH solution decomposed the pesticide components.
These results show that AChE assay is a convenient, sensitive, and reliable method for detection of pesticides in water samples.
4.
1999.02
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This study identified concentrations of air pollutants emitted from idling of vehicles such as cars, taxis, trucks, and buses. In this investigation we analyzed concentrations of SO2, NOx, CO, and CO2 emitted from exhaust pipe of vehicles as a function of vehicle type, mileage, exhaust volume, and fuel type using the GreenLine.
Compact or light cars, which have relatively low exhaust volume, showed much higher exhaust concentrations of SO2, CO, and NOx than those emitted from vehicles with high exhaust volume. Vehicles using light oil showed much higher exhaust NOx concentrations than those of vehicles using gasoline. Vehicles using LPG and compact cars showed very high exhaust CO concentration compared to other vehicles. NOx exhaust concentrations were increased with increasing the mileage of vehicles.
5.
1999.02
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This paper aims to describe the characteristics of air pollution using air pollutants concentration and meteorological data observed at Kimhae from December, 1996 to November, 1997. The results are as follows :
The concentration distribution of sulfur dioxide(SO2), carbon monoxide(CO), particulate matter(PM-10), and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) is high during the late fall and winter and low during the summer, but ozone concentration is low during the winter season and high during summer season except Jangma period and these distributions appear to be closely connected with insolation and the number of clear day.
Diurnal variation of concentrations for sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide are high during the rush hours and nighttime and low during the daytime and these variations are distinct toward the winter season. And diurnal variation of nitrogen dioxide concentration has also same pattern and these patterns are closely related to the increasing traffic volume at rush hours. Diurnal variation of ozone concentration is generally increase for daytime and decrease for the late afternoon and are closely related to the insolation and photochemical reaction.
The 24 hour average concentrations of air pollutant observed at Kimhae represented a positive correlation and a negative correlation for O3 and also a negative correlation for the meteorological elements such as wind speed and cloud cover.
6.
1999.02
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Four cast iron pipe sections containing 3 styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) gaskets (1 joint and 2 end caps) were filled with water and maintained at approximately 40 psi internal pressure. The pipe sections were placed inside 16 gallon drums filled with initially clean sand. Three of the tanks were subsequently contaminated with gasoline, gasoline spiked with pyrene and naphthalene, and toluene. The forth tank served as a control. The water inside each pipe was monitored over time for organic chemical contamination. Permeation of organic chemicals into the water inside the pipe systems was found to occur in all 3 contaminated pipe systems after approximately 100 days as measured organic chemicals concentrations were significantly above those in the uncontaminated cell. Flushing experiments in which the water inside the contaminated pipes was replaced with initially clean water showed that organic chemical concentrations inside the pipe rapidly (12 days) reached their preflushing levels.
7.
1999.02
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Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All the samples were collected with a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996, to analyze major ions and heavy metals. Dominant ions of aerosols were SO42- in anion and Na+ in cation. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions in aerosols showed high enrichmentfactor to soil and seawater composition. The concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols was lowest at the site P1 near the coast. The lowest concentrations of major ions and heavy metals mainly appeared in August, probably due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially, the concentrations of total suspended particulate matter(TSP) and heavy metals in aerosols showed good correlations in Pusan. Based on crustal Al, enrichment factors for some metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in aerosols were significantly greater than unity, and the order was Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu. This evidence suggests that Cd and Pb are derived predominantly from non-crustal sources.
8.
1999.02
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Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethylco-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.
9.
1999.02
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Soil properties which affect the retention of Pb(Ⅱ) were investigated in the laboratory. It was determined, through selective removal, that organic matter and Fe-oxides are of lesser importance in influencing Pb retention than are soil clay minerals. The following trend : clays > organic matter > Fe-oxides represents the relative importance of each constituent in the adsorption of Pb by soils. The consistently greater Pb uptake by surface over subsurface samples was apparently due to differences in organic matter content, inasmuch as organic matter removal from both resulted in similar adsorption characteristics.
All five soils studied exhibited a pH-dependent trend of adsorption. The extent of Pb adsorption was least at low pH values(4∼5), was maximum in the neutral pH range, and leveled off or diminished under more alkaline conditions.
There was no strong correlation between Pb uptake and soil cation exchange capacity as routinely measured by the NH4OAc method. A knowledge of clay mineralogy in conjunction with soil pH is suggested as being the most reliable guide to predicting Pb retention by soils.
10.
1999.02
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In recent years increasing production and disposal of wastewater have caused an accelerated eutrophication of receiving waters. Therefore, in order to alleviate the detrimental impact of wastewater discharge, there is an increasing demand for removing the main nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the organic content of the waste water prior to disposal. This is effectively achieved by extended conventional treatment technology. However, the working expenses and energy requirements of such advanced treatment systems are rather high. So in a sparsely populated rural community is required development of wastewater treatment system combined with the regional characteristics.
In this study, the systems are planted with Reeds and Amaryllis in A.C and estimated purification potential of system. The results obtained are as follows.
BOD removal rate is 20% in the early stage, the last removal rate is 35% in A.C process and is 65% in Amaryllis+A.C process and is 50% in Reed+A.C process. T-N removal rate by Amaryllis is average 2.6g/㎡·d, T-N removal rate by Reed is average 1.76g/㎡·d. T-P removal rate by Amaryllis is average 0.27g/㎡·d, T-P removal rate by Reed is average 0.25g/㎡·d. BOD removal rate constant with retention time is 1.4494(l/d), T-N removal rate constant is 0.5428(l/d), T-P removal rate constant is 0.5287(l/d)
11.
1999.02
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본 연구에서는 동계에 양식어류의 지속적인 성장을 유지시키기 위한 월동장으로서, 하계에 적조발생 해역으로부터의 대피장소로서 이동 가능한 적지를 수산물리 해양학적으로 선정 하고자 하였다.
동계에 월동장으로서는 서식적수온이 10℃ 이상인 어종(넙치, 농어) 경우 거문도, 서이말, 가덕도, 그리고 제주도 주변해역이 적합하였으며, 15℃ 이상인 어종(방어, 참돔, 복어)은 서귀포와 우도(성산포)에서 월동이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 산지는 동계에 강한 북서계절풍의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 지역으로 표면수온의 변화가 심하여 월동장으로서는 적합하지 않았다.
서식적수온이 각각 18℃ 와 19℃ 이상인 조피볼락과 숭어의 경우에는 성장을 지속시키며 월동할 수 있는 적지를 남해안에서는 찾을 수 없었다.
용존산소의 경우 동계와 하계 모두 전 해역에서 해양생물의 활동을 유지하는데 필요한 4mℓ/ℓ 이상의 농도를 나타내어 양식어류의 이동시 크게 고려하지 않아도 될 것으로 판단된다.
하계에 적조발생 해역으로부터 양식생물을 대피시키기 위한 이동적지로서는 지난 6년 간 적조가 발생하지 않았고, 만일의 경우 적조가 발생하더라도 인근해역으로 대피가 자유로운 거문도와 제주도 주변해역이 적합하였다. 목포주변해역은 조류가 세고, 여자만은 적조발생 시 대피시킬 수 있는 통로가 없어 이동적지로서는 적합하지 않았다.
12.
1999.02
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Process intensification without any increase in bed requires the exploitation of fluid mechanical phenomena as the basis for elegant solutions to the process engineering problems which result from the need to retain and control the immobilized biomass, and for biomass recovery. The fluidized bed biological reactor provides a solution to these needs. The wastewater treatment characteristics of the fluidized bed was filled with sand media. Indirect aeration were studied experimentally.
The researcher was filled with sand particle size(0.60∼0.42mm) in three reactors with different section area(A)/height(H), in the state BOD loading 4.5㎏-BOD5/㎥·d, and under the fixed state of hydraulic retention time for around 32 minutes.
13.
1999.02
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The relationship between primary productivity and changes in water quality was investigated at Mulgum station, a site downstream of the Nakdong River, Korea. Phytoplankton production was characterized by blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa during the summer and Stephanodiscus hantzschii during the winter. Primary production and secondary production by bacterioplankton ranged from 1.5∼53.5㎎·C/ℓ'day and 0.1∼0.3 ㎎·C/ℓ'day, respectively. Distribution of total organic carbon appeared to be highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass, especially during blooms of M. aeruginosa, when particulate organic carbon was 81% of total organic carbon and the main source of organic materials supplied into the water. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll-a and BOD was 0.86. Thus it was concluded that autochthonous phytoplankton mostly affected the BOD level. Total bacterial numbers were also highly correlated with chlorophyll-a (r2=0.84) and the bacterial community appears to be regulated by phytoplankton biomass in this area.
14.
1999.02
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A new biological nutrient removal system combining A2/O process with fixed film was developed in this work and the characteristics of denitrifcation were especially investigated in the combined fixed film reactor(CFFR). Media was added in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors, respectively. Tests were made to establish the effluent level of NOx-N, COD, DO and nitrite effects on NOx-N removal in the CFFR by decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 10.0 to 3.5 hours and by increasing internal recycle ratio form 0% to 200%. The influent was synthesized to levels similar to the average influent of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Korea. SARAN media with a porosity of 96.3% was packed 40%/30%/25% based on its reactor volume, respectively. It was found that COD rarely limited denitrification in the anoxic reactor because of high C/NOx-N ratio in the anoxic reactor, while DO concentration in the anoxic reactor and NO2-N/NOx-N from the aerobic effluent inhibited denitrifcation in the anoxic reactor. It was proved that the critical points of DO concentration in the anoxic reactor and NO2-N/NOx-N from the aerobic effluent were 0.15㎎/L and 10%, respectively. As the internal recycle ratio increased, DO concentration in the anoxic reactor and NO2-N/NOx-N from the aerobic effluent increased. Especially, at the condition of internal recycle ratio, 200%, DO concentration in the anoxic reactor and NO2-N/NOx-N from the aerobic effluent exceeded the critical points of 0.15㎎/L and 10%, respectively. Then, denitrification efficiency considerably decreased. Consequently, it was represented that the control of DO concentration in the anoxic reactor and NO2-N/NOx-N from the aerobic effluent can assure effective denitrifcation.
15.
1999.02
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수영하수처리장 방류수의 해중방류법과 3차 처리 시설 설치의 비용분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다.
1) 해안에서 4km 거리와 관경을 2m의 해중방류법을 이용한 수용만의 수질을 개선시키는데 소요되는 해중방류관 건설비용은 383억 원이 소요되는 것으로 산출되었다.
2) 수영하수처리장의 유출수를 해중방류관을 통해서 방류할 경우 방류수심을 32m, Diffuser의 길이를 200m로 할 경우의 초기희석배율은 유속에 따라서 56.4∼399.2으로 계산되었다.
3) 질소를 제거하기 위한 순환법의 경우의 20년 동안의 총 비용은 1,364억 원, 인을 제거하기 위한 응집제 첨가 활성슬러지법은 1,010억 원, 해중방류법은 383억 원으로 해중방류법이 3차 처리시설을 설치하는 비용보다 약 2.6∼3.5배 비용을 적게 소요하는 것으로 산출되었다.
4) 해중방류법을 이용할 경우의 수영만의 수질영향을 예측하기 위해서 물질순환모델을 이용하여 예측한 결과 수영만의 수질이 COD, 용존무기질소(DIN)와 용존무기인(DIP)의 전 항목에서 해역환경 II등급을 만족하는 것으로 예측되었다.
16.
1999.02
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Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63㎜ were exposed to simulated fuel gases containing 5000ppm H2S for temperatures ranging from 600 to 800℃ in a TGA (Thermalgravimetric analyzer). The reaction between CaO and H2S proceeds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfde(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of H2S by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.
17.
1999.02
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Air quality modeling about coastal urban region such as Pusan shoud be consider shipping source emmited from ships anchoraging and running. It has been proved at our previous studies that the ratios of air pollutants emission amount in coastal area to inland are 12.2% for NO2 and 11.7% for SO2 and the air quality of coastal urban area consierably counts on ships. Also the dispersion pattern of the air pollutants followed local circulation system in this region. Therefore this study has been developed air quality model which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes of air pollutants considering shipping source. Currently, restriction for emission amount of ships does not exist, so our study will be useful to set the emission standard and for devising air quality policy in coastal urban region.
