간행물
한국환경과학회지 KCI 등재 Journal of Environmental Science International
- 발행기관 한국환경과학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 월간
- ISSN 1225-4517 (Print)2287-3503 (Online)
- 수록기간 1992 ~ 2023
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 539DDC 628
권호리스트/논문검색
제16권 제12호 (2007년 12월) 15건
1.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
A tank model in conjunction with Kalman filter is developed for prediction of sediment yield from an upland watershed in Northwestern Mississippi. The state vector of the system model represents the parameters of the tank model. The initial values of the state vector were estimated by trial and error. The sediment yield of each tank is computed by multiplying the total sediment yield by the sediment yield coefficient. The sediment concentration of the first tank is computed from its storage and the sediment concentration distribution (SCD); the sediment concentration of the next lower tank is obtained by its storage and the sediment infiltration of the upper tank; and so on. The sediment yield computed by the tank model using Kalman filter was in good agreement with the observed sediment yield and was more accurate than the sediment yield computed by the tank model.
2.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The utility of soil-gas surveys is directly proportional to their accuracy in reflecting and representing changes in the subsurface concentrations of source compounds. Passive soil-gas vapor-phase is merely a fractional trace of the source, so, as a matter of convenience, the units used in reporting detection values from EMFLUX surveys are smaller than those employed for source-compound concentrations. According to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Program Annual Report, approximately 16 U.S. million dollars were spent for environmental site investigations at over 1,600 Underground Storage Tank (UST) sites and approximately over 1,000 acres of land was characterized and remediated in the State of Illinois in the year of 2003 alone. The main purpose of this study is to propose an idea to significantly reduce the site investigation cost by utilizing a passive soil-gas survey and conventional intrusive drilling method and to fully define the three dimensional characteristics of subsurface contamination from two industrial drycleaning facilities.
3.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Jung Chul Kim, Min Ju Kim, Hyeng Sik Son, Eun Youn Ryu, Seong Yun Jeong, Mi A Kim, Geun Tae Park, Hong Joo Son, Sang Joon Lee
The aim of this study was to isolate chicken feather-degrading bacteria with high keratinolytic activity and to investigate cultural conditions affecting keratinolytic enzyme production by a selected isolate. A chicken feather-degrading bacterial strain CH3 was isolated from poultry wastes. Isolate CH3 degraded whole chicken feather completely within 3 days. On the basis of phenotypical and 16S rDNA studies, isolate CH3 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis CH3. This strain is the first B. thuringiensis described as a feather degrader. The bacterium grew with an optimum at pH 8.0 and 37℃, where maximum keratinolytic activity was also observed. The composition of optimal medium for keratinolytic enzyme production was feather 0.1%, sucrose 0.7%, casein 0.3%, K2HPO4 0.03%, KH2PO4 0.04%, MgCl2 0.01% and NaCl 0.05%, respectively. The keratinolytic enzyme had a pH and temperature optima 9.0 and 45℃, respectively. The keratinolytic activity was inhibited ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and metal ions like Hg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. The enzyme activated by Fe2+, dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol.
4.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The effect of salicylic acid(SA) on antioxidant system and protective mechanisms against UV-B induced oxidative stress was investigated in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) leaves. UV-B radiation and SA were applied separately or in combination to first leaves of cucumber seedlings, and dry matter accumulation, lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured in both dose and time-dependant manner. UV-B exposure showed reduced levels of fresh weight and dry matter production, whereas SA treatment significantly increased them. SA noticeably recovered the UV-B induced inhibition of biomass production. UV-B stress also affected lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme defense system. Malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, was greatly increased under UV-B stress, showing a significant enhancement of a secondary metabolites, which may have antioxidative properties in cucumber leaves exposed to UV-B radiation. Combined application of UV-B and SA caused a moderate increase in lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that SA may mediate protection against oxidative stress. UV-B exposure significantly increased SOD, APX, and GR activity compared with untreated control plants. Those plants treated with 1.0 mM SA showed a similar pattern of changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes. SA-mediated induction of antioxidant enzyme activity may involve a protective accumulation of H2O2 against UV-B stress. Moreover, their activities were stimulated with a greater increase by UV-B+SA treatment. The UV-B+SA plants always presented higher values than UV-B and SA plants, considering the adverse effects of UV-B on the antioxidant cell system. ABA and JA, second messengers in signaling in response to stresses, showed similar mode of action in UV-B stress, supporting that they may be important in acquired stress tolerance. Based on these results, it can be suggested that SA may participates in the induction of protective mechanisms involved in tolerance to UV-B induced oxidative stress.
5.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study summarizes the relations among PM2.5 concentration, water-soluble ions concentration, metallic element Components characteristics and SPSS in negative ion and metallic element of PM2.5 particle in Miryang.(By the urban area, the industrial complex area and the suburban area according to the season)
PM2.5 concentration of total 72 samples collected from 3 sites turned out to range from 3.47 to 34.7 μg/m3 , and the average concentration was the suburban area-the kin nup(16.00 μg/m3 ) > the urban area-the roof of the old Miryang university(10.32 μg/m3 ) > the industrial complex-Sapo industrial complex(10.29 μg/m3 ). In particular, the suburban area had PM2.5 concentration 1.5 times those of urban area, industrial complex. It was thought although the site was suburban and farm-side without pollutants around, it had a higher concentration value influenced by external factors including the brickyard, small-scale incinerator, driving range construction, construction on the Daegu-Busan express and the widening of the four-lane road between Miryang-Anyang nearby.
As for water-soluble ions among PM2.5 particle collected in Miryang area, SO42− accounted for 60% and NO3−, was 30% in spring and summer. And NO3− accounted for 50% and SO42− was 35% in fall and winter. The AI value of metallic Components among PM2.5 particle collected in Miryang area had a high value influenced by the apartment complex construction and the extension work of road. The industrial complex area had Zn concentration 3 times, and Fe concentration 2 times those of urban area and suburb area. When it comes to the relation with metallic elements in urban area, the highest coefficient of correlation was between Cr-Fe with 0.85, and Pb-Cd turned out in the reverse correlation. Among metallic elements, the coefficients of correlation between Zn and Cr, Mn, Fe, NI were high in industrial complex area. The highest coefficient of correlation was between Mn-Zn with 0.88, meanwhile Ni and Cu, Cd turned out in the reverse correlation in the suburb area. These coefficients of correlation are attributed to the difference in pollutant sources, rather than difference in pollutant and non-pollutant.
6.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
To find proper water quality management strategy for oxygen consumption organic matters in Jinhae bay, the physical process and net supply/decomposition in terms of COD was estimated by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic modeling. The estimation results of physical process in terms of COD showed that transportation of COD was dominant in loading area from land to sea, while accumulation of COD was dominant in middle～bottom level. In case of surface level, the net supply rate of COD was 0～60 mg/m2/day. The net decomposition rate of COD was 0～-0.05 mg/m2/day(-5～-10 m, in depth) to 2 level, and -0.05～-0.20 mg/m2/day(10 m ～) to bottom level. These results indicate that the biological decomposition and physical accumulation of COD are occurred for the most part of Jinhae Bay bottom. The variation of net supply or net decomposition rate of COD as reducing land based input loading is also remarkable. Therefore, it is important to consider both allochthonous and autochthonous oxygen demanding organic matters to improve the water quality of Jinhae Bay.
7.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The purpose of this study is to provide suitable outdoor spaces for Korean elderly, examining characteristics and types of existing outdoor spaces and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed twelve cases of elderly housing complex. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out on twelve cases.
As a result, first, the study showed that outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types; entrance area of housing complex, building entrance area, outdoor living area, in & outdoor neutral area, and parking lots. Outdoor living area is subdivided into residents' public space, green space, health & sports space and landscape space. Characteristics of outdoor space are deeply related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, twelve cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly.
8.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This research helps you understand the road traffic noise levels by using a noise map. We have observed the change of the road traffic noise levels around 07:00～08:30 and 22:00～23:00 using the noise map in the city.
The road traffic noise level is very high both at noon and at night around a beltway and an interchange that is linked with a highway. It seems that the main route of so many vehicles, which are at neighboring cities such as N city and D and H districts and which avoid traffic jams in the city, is the beltway and interchange. The road traffic noise level of a nearby express bus terminal, railroad station, and airport is more than 75 dB at noon and 65 dB at night. The road traffic noise level of G city at night is observed to be more than 55 dB. The noise levels of a residence area and a university are higher than a road with high noise levels when the commuters drive to work.
The end of the day exceeds 11 o'clock because of a culture level of development that arouses spare time, eating out, adults' drinking culture, nightlife of the youth, etc. Therefore, the road traffic noise level is high during late night hours, and it exceeds regulatory guidelines (55 dB(A)). It also damages the residence area that is located near the road.
9.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
The formation mechanism of the snow cells of the Yellow Sea associated with snowfall over the southwestern part of Korea on 4 February, 2004 has been investigated using special upper-air sounding and radar data obtained for the KEOP (Korea Enhanced Observing Period) Intensive Observing Period (IOP). Results show that the types of snow cells for the selected period are classified into L(Longitudinal)-mode, Low-level convergence, and T(Transverse)-mode with their evolution from L-mode to T-mode. In particular, the existence of low-level warm and humid layer associated with temporally southwesterly inflow for about 4 hours provides a favorable condition in forming the T-mode snow cells. The vertical depth of the T-mode snow cells is deeper than that of L-mode ones due to the southeastward penetration of cold and dry air into relatively warm and humid air. In addition, it is found that wind shear vector between 1000 hPa and 600 hPa is one of the factors which control the orientation of snow cells in formation embedded into the snowbands for the both modes.
10.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Asan coastal areas of Yellow Sea, Korea from 1975 to 2005. Water samples were collected at 3 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns were not clear among stations but the seasonal variations were distinct except COD, SS and nitrate. The trend analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) during twenty years revealed the significant variations in water quality in the study area. Annual water qualities were clearly discriminated into 4 clusters by PCA; year cluster 1988-1991, 1994-1997, and 1992-1993/1998- 2005. By this multi-variate analysis we can summarize the annual trends as the followings; salinity, suspended solids and dissolved oxygen tended to increase from late 1980's, increased pH and COD from 1992, and decreased salinity and increased nitrogen and COD from 1990 due to the runoff frow agricultural lands causing eutrophication.
11.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ozonated water and ozonated water + hydrogen peroxide treatment of residual procymidone in perilla leaf containing 20 mg/L procymidone. Samples was treated with ozonated water containing 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg O3/L ozone and hydrogen peroxide water containing 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg H2O2/L hydrogen peroxide in pH 5, 7 and 9, respectively, at 15℃. Procymidone removal rate was 26.5% in 7 days at 15℃ and optimum condition of procymidone removal was the case of treating with ozonated water containing 2.0 mg O3/L and pH 9. As the result procymidone removal rate was about 96.5%. In this case of adding hydrogen peroxide, optimum condition of procymidone removal was 1 : 0.5～1(O3 : H2O2). However, procymidone was nearly removed with the treatment of hydrogen peroxide water only.
12.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Cobalt titanates (CoTiOx), such as CoTiO3 and Co2TiO4, have been synthesized via a solid-state reaction and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurement techniques, prior to being used for continuous wet trichloroethylene (TCE) oxidation at 36℃, to support our earlier chemical structure model for Co species in 5 wt% CoOx/TiO2 (fresh) and (spent) catalysts. Each XRD pattern for the synthesized CoTiO3 and Co2TiO4 was very close to those obtained from the respective standard XRD data files. The two CoTiOx samples gave Co 2p XPS spectra consisting of very strong main peaks for Co 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 with corresponding satellite structures at higher binding energies. The Co 2p3/2 main structure appeared at 781.3 eV for the CoTiO3, and it was indicated at 781.1 eV with the Co2TiO4. Not only could these binding energy values be very similar to that exhibited for the 5 wt% CoOx/TiO2 (fresh), but the spin-orbit splitting (ΔE) had also no noticeable difference between the cobalt titanates and a sample of the fresh catalyst. Neither of all the CoTiOx samples were active for the wet TCE oxidation, as expected, but a sample of pure Co3O4 had a good activity for this reaction. The earlier proposed model for the surface CoOx species existing with the fresh and spent catalysts is very consistent with the XPS characterization and activity measurements for the cobalt titanates.
13.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Heavy snowfall was occurred over the south-western part of the Korean Peninsula called as Honam Districts, on two days from 21 December 2005. The development mechanism of snowfall and its characteristics were analysed using observation and numerical data provided by Korea Meteorological Administration.
In comparison with other years Arctic air mass developed and maintained during all December 2005 due to active planetary waves with three branches. And jet streams at lower and higher levels make easy development of snow convection cells. Especially thermal low induced by mesoscale heat and dynamic sources, also help the developments of convection cells in strong ascension. The understanding the relation between synoptic and mesoscale circumstance, therefore, is also important to predict the heavy snowfall and to prevent the disaster.
14.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Heavy metal concentrations in the soil were investigated for the abandoned Samkwang metal mine, Cheongyang-Gun, Chungnam Province, Korea. The concentrations of heavy metal(As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in mine soils collected at the abandoned mine sites to obtain a general classification and specification of the pollution in this highly polluted region. The results estimated with the normal test and basis statistic on the central tendency and variation showed that the distribution of heavy metal concentration had significantly different at the range of all locations. The range of spatial distribution on the relationship of heavy metal concentration and pH was 4.8∼8.8 and heavy metal concentration on the type of land use was highest in forest land, and also Ni and Zn in farm and rice field showed the high concentration. The distribution of heavy metal concentration on the depth of a soil showed that the metal concentrations in subsoil were higher than of those in surface soil, while the concentration of Cu and Ni had no significant difference on the depth of soil. Results from the correlation analysis using the data except the extreme and unusual data revel that Zn-Cd(r=0.867), Zn-As(r=0.797), Zn-Pb (r=0.764), Cu-Cd(r=0.673), Cu-As(r=0.614) and Zn-Ni(r=0.605) were the most important parameters in assessing variations of heavy metal in soil. To discriminate pattern differences and similarities among samples, principal factor analysis(PFA) and cluster analysis(CF) were performed using a correlation matrix. This study suggests that PFA and CF techniques are useful tools for identification of important heavy metal and parameters. This study presents the necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistical assessment of complex databases in order to get better information about the quality of soil and gives the basis information to clean up the abandoned mine sites.
15.
2007.12
서비스 종료(열람 제한)
Emission of methyl bromide(MeBr) of soil fumigant was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine the environmental fate for 1,3-dichloropene(1,3-D) of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper researched the transformation for 1,3-D in water and soil. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in water with first-order kinetics are 9.9day and 1.7day at 25°C and 40°C, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 8.6day and 1.5day at 25°C and 40°C, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water at high temperature faster then at low temperature. Hydrolysis for 1,3-D in water are unaffected at pH 2.5∼pH 10.0, but hydrolysis for 1,3-D at pH 11.5 higher then at pH 2.5∼pH 10.0. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in soil are 11.5day and 7.7day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 9.9day and 6.9day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water increased with increasing soil moisture. Transformation for trans-1,3-D isomer are more rapid then cis-1,3-D isomer in water and soil. This research has identified that transformation for 1,3-dichloropropene are affected by temperature, pH, soil moisture, and isomer of cis and trans in water and soil.
