Leaching of MOCVD dust in the LED industry is an essential stage for hydro-metallurgical recovery of pure Ga and In. To recover Ga and In, the leaching behavior of MOCVD scrap of an LED, which contains significant amounts of Ga, In, Al and Fe in various phases, has been investigated. The leaching process must be performed effectively to maximize recovery of Ga and In metals using the most efficient lixiviant. Crystalline structure and metallic composition of the raw MOCVD dust were analyzed prior to digestion. Subsequently, various mineral acids were tested to comprehensively study and optimize the leaching parameters such as acidity, pulp density, temperature and time. The most effective leaching of Ga and In was observed for a boiling 4 M HCl solution vigorously stirred at 400 rpm. Phase transformation of GaN into gallium oxide by heat treatment also improved the leaching efficiency of Ga. Subsequently high purity Ga and In can be recovered by series of hydro processes.

Diese Aufsatz untersucht die missionarische Bedeutung der Kirchenreform. Es ist deswegen notwendig, weil die koreanische Kirche trotz ihres großes Wachstums zur Zeit sich mit vielen Kritiken von innen und außen konfrontiert. Da aber in diesen Kritiken verschiedene Forderungen impliziert sind, die sowohl persőnliche moralische Probleme der koreanischen Christen als auch Őffentlichkeitsfrage der koreanische Kirche umfassen, műssen diese Kritiken vorsichtig berűcksichtigt werden. Es ist allerdings keine Frage, daß die koreanische Kirche sich reformieren soll. Wir wissen auch, daß die Frage der Kirchenreform in der Kirchengeschichte immer wichtige Aufgabe der Theologie und Kirche war. In der Selbstverständnis der Kirche gehőrte diese Frage zu wesentlicher Frage der Kirche(ecclesia semper reformanda). Deswegen geht es bei uns nicht darum, ob die Kirche sich reformieren soll oder nicht, sondern darum, auf welchem Grund sie stehen soll, in welche Richtung sie gehen soll. Das ist gerade darum der Grund, aus der Frage 'was ist die Kirche' ausszugehen. Wenn man diese Frage beantworten versucht, kann man einigermaßen den Grund der Kirchenreform und ihre Richtung feststellen. Es geht dabei vor allem um die scharfe Unterscheidung und die angemessene Beziehung zwischen der Entstehungs-(i.e. dem Grund) und Gestaltungsdynamik(i.e. der Richtung) der Kirche, weil es schwer ist, ohne dies genau zu erkennen, űber die Kirchenreform zu diskutieren. Da die Frage nach Kirchenreform nur auf diesem differenzierten Erkenntnis hin angemessen zu beantworten ist, ist dieser Erkenntnis auch sehr wichtig fűr die missionarische Kirchenreform, weil sie zuerst die angemessene Gestaltung der Kirchenstruktur im Bezug auf die missionarischen Aufgaben der Kirche in der sich verändernden Welt sichtbar zu machen bedeutet.

갈륨은 뛰어난 특성을 가지는 반도체 재료지만, 정광이 거의 존재하지 않는 희소원소이며, 주로 알루미늄이나 아연 제련 등의 부산물로서 얻을 수 있고, 주로 화합물 반도체(compound semiconductor)에 사용되고 있다. 화합물 반도체는 갈륨비소(gallium arsenide, GaAs), 갈륨인(GaP) 등이 있으며, 발광 다이오드(light emitting diode, LED), IC 등에 이용되고 있다. 이러한 화합물 반도체(GaAs, GaP 등)를 습식으로 분리, 농축하는 일반적인 방법으로는 이온교환법(ion exchange method), 용매추출법(solvent extraction method), 산-중화법 등이 있다. 이온교환법은 갈륨을 포함한 용액을 적정한 pH의 영역에서 킬레이트 이온교환 수지를 사용하여 흡착한 후, 탈기하여 갈륨 수용액으로 회수한 후, 전해채취를 통하여 갈륨을 회수하는 방법이며, 용매추출법은 유기용매에 카르본산계 또는 인산계 킬레이트 추출제를 포함한 유기상을 사용하여 수용액의 pH를 조정한 후, 갈륨을 선택적으로 추출하여 분리․농축한 후, 전해채취를 통하여 갈륨을 회수하는 방법이다. 산-중화법은 강산으로 침출해 중화를 거친 후, 알칼리 용해하여 비소와 인을 동시에 석출시키는 정액에 의해서 농축 분리하고 알칼리 용액으로 갈륨을 재용해하여 전해채취를 통해 갈륨을 회수하는 방법이다. 이온교환법과 용매추출법은 고비용과 작업의 안정성 및 환경오염 측면에서 문제점이 있으며, 산-중화법은 산과 알칼리가 다량 소비되는 단점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 GaAs를 알칼리 용액에 산화제를 투입하여 고액농도(pulp density)에 따라 갈륨과 비소를 용해한 후, 알칼리 용해액에 알칼리 토금속 화합물(alkaline earth metals)을 첨가하고, 고액분리하여 갈륨을 용해한 용액과 비소와 알칼리 토금속의 화합물의 고체를 분리하였다. 분리된 갈륨용액은 전해채취를 통하여 갈륨으로 석출시켜 회수하는 습식제련 공정 연구를 수행하였다.

Caustic (NaOH) solution is used to remove H2S from hydrocarbon streams in petroleum refining industry, gradually being, so called, spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) which has high levels of H2S and alkalinity. Thus, SSC can be used as an electron donor and a buffering agent for autotrophic denitrification. As SSC, however, contains some non-biodegradable organics, air stripping was conducted to remove the non-biodegradable organics. As a result, over 93 % of the non-biodegradable organics was removed within 30 min of aeration. Then, Na2S2O3·5H2O, methanol and organic matters, which are produced from a biodiesel production plant, were added to reform the air-stripped SSC and their products being referred to new sulfidic caustics (NSCs)Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. Thereafter, to investigate the effect of these products on the removal of COD and TN, these products were injected to a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, resulting in additional 44 % TN removal without noticeable increase in the effluent COD level. Therefore, it can be said that the BNR process is a promising option to treat NSC as demonstrated in this study whose results can be useful for developing resource recovery technologies.