Processing and properties of composites with Ni-Fe content of 10 and 15 wt% were investigated. Homogeneous powder mixtures of /Ni-Fe alloy were prepared by the solution-chemistry route using , and powders. Microstructural observation of composite powder revealed that Ni-Fe alloy particles with a size of 20nm were homogeneously dispersed on powder surfaces. Hot-pressed composites showed enhanced fracture toughness and magnetic response. The properties are discussed based on the observed microstructural characteristics

본 연구의 목적은 영유아 교사를 대상으로 스마트 교육 수용 요인을 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 기술수용모델(TAM)을 적용하여 인지된 조직지원, 스마트 교육의 인지된 용이성, 인지된 유용성, 태도, 그리고 스마트 교육 의도 간의 구조적 영향 관계를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 수도권 지역 유치원과 어린이집에 재직 중인 교사 417명이며, 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS, AMOS를 이용하여 측정모형 분석, 상관분석, 구조모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 인지된 조직 지원은 스마트 교육의 용이성 보다는 유용성에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스마트 교육에 대해 유용성을 충분히 인식하고 긍정적인 태도가 형성된 영유아 교사일수록 스마트 교육 운영에 대해 적극적인 의도를 보이게 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 유아교육현장에서 스마트 교육 활성화를 위해서는 영유아 교사의 스마트 교육 유용성에 관한 인식을 높이는 것이 필요하며 이를 위한 지원이 요구됨을 시사한다.

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organophosphorus pesticides using GC/NPD. Ultra-2 and Ultra-1 fused silica capillary columns were used to separate and identify the products. Recovery of most analytes from soybean sample, taken from pesticide residues well, was greater than(80%) for all except(6) analytes. This method can simultaneously determine multiple pesticides with a high degree of accuracy and precision.

This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation process. For raw water, Nakdong River was used. By conducting batch test of ozonation, the following results were obtained. When ozone dosage of 5 mg/ℓ was used, ozone transfer and utilization efficiencies of the ozonation were 94 to 92%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of single VOC compound or mixed VOC compounds in the raw water were 80% to 90% by the ozonation with 2 mg/ℓ dosage and 10 minutes contact time. Removal efficiencies of ABS by the ozonation with 1 mg/ℓ, 3 mg/ℓ dosage and 20 minutes contact time were 83% to 96% , respectively. Almost 67% of chlorophyll-a at the concentration of 38.4㎍/ℓ was removed by ozonation at ozone dosage of 1 ㎎/ℓ for 20 min. Considering the efficiency of ozone utilization and water treatment, the most effective ozonation could be obtained with high ozone dosage and short contact time.

약용작물은 재배환경, 재배방법, 생육 시기 및 부위별로 약리성분 함량에 차이가 많은데, 이뇨, 진통, 지혈, 조직재생 및 혈관확장 등의 약리효과가 있다고 보고된 어성초를 생육 시기별, 부위별 및 퇴비 시용량별로 유효성분 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 생육 시기별 quercetin 및 tannin 함량은 생육 초기인 4월 20일에 채취하였을 때 각각 0.72, 2.1%로 함량이 가장 높았으며, 개화기 전까지 감소하다가 개화기 이후로 증가하였다. 부위별 quercetin 및 tannin 함량은 꽃에서 2.06, 5.3%로 가장 높았으며, 잎, 줄기, 뿌리 중에서는 잎에서 각각 0.81 및 2.3%로 높았다. 퇴비 시용량별 어성초의 quercetin 및 tannin함량은 무처리구에서 각각 0.67 및 2.3%로 가장 높았고, 퇴비시용량이 증가할 수록 지상부 수량은 증가하였으나 유효성분 함량은 감소하였다.

This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation. For raw water, Nakdong River was used. By conducting batch ozonation test, the following results were obtained. When ozone dosage of 5㎎/ℓ was used, preozonation of raw water reduced turbidity, KMnO4 consumption, DOC(dissolved organic carbon), UV254 absorbance, THMFP(trihalomethane formation potential) as much as 3.9 NTU, 5.5㎎/ℓ, 1.15㎎/ℓ, 0.112 and 0.065㎎/ℓ, respectively. In case of postozonation of sand filtered water, water quality was also improved with decrease in turbidity, KMnO4 consumption, DOC, UV254 absorbance and THMFP at the amount of 0.08NTU, 2.6㎎/ℓ, 0.88㎎/ℓ, 0.042 and 0.018㎎/ℓ, respectively. On the other hand, contents of dissolved oxygen increased at the level of 1.3㎎/ℓ after preozonation process' and 1.0㎎/ℓ after postozonation process. The effect of ozone dosage was higher than that of its contact time for the removal of the pollutants.

기관지염, 폐염, 기침, 감기, 학질, 땀내기약 및 보약등으로 사용되었으며, 최근에 혈당강하 효과도 밝혀진 둥글레를 이용하여 발효주를 제조함으로써 술의 효과와 약리효과를 동시에 얻을수 있는 건강발효주를 제조하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 둥글레 엑스첨가 발효주는 대조구와 전체적으로 비슷한 발효특성을 보였다. 총산은 둥글레 첨가구가 대조구보다 약간 높았으며, pH는 모든 처리구에서 발효 2일만에 급격히 떨어져 발효 4일 이후로는 4.0내외로 변화

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing for effective treatment of raw water in Chinyang lake. Removal rates of algae and characteristics of the water according to coagulants dosage were investigated by treatment with Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a kind of blue-green algae, to the raw water below 5NTU. The coagulants dosage for maximum removal rate of algae were 30 ㎎/ℓ of Alum, 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC and 10 ㎎/ℓ of PACS, respectively. The removal rate of algae in 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC was highest as 85% compared with the other treatments. At the point of maximum removal rate of algae, the removal rates of turbidity were 34%, 66% and 22% in Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Residual Al was decreased depend upon decreasing turbidity in water by treatment of Alum or PAC, but decreased depend upon increasing turbidity in water by treatment of PACS. The removal rate of Mn2+ in water was high in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. And Fe2+ in water was not changed by treatment of these coagulants. Particle numbers distributions according to the particle size of suspended solids that were not precipitated at 8 min. of settling time after treatment of coagulants dosage for the maximum removal rate of algae were investigated. Most of the particle sizes were below 30 ㎛ and particle numbers distributions below 10 ㎛ were 64%, 56% and 66% by treatment of Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Zeta potential was in the range of -6.1∼-9.7 mV at optimum coagulants dosage for algae removal.

길경의 품질평가 기준으로 활용하고 있는 crude saponin 함량 변화를 밝히고 고품질 약재생산 및 가공을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 생육년수, 부위, 수확시기, 및 건조방법별로 조사포닌 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. Crude saponin 함량은 생육년수가 증가함에 따라 점점 감소하였다. 부위별로는 미부에서 2.74%로 두부 1.65%보다 1.6배 높았으며, 외피가 내심보다 1.8배 높았다. 수확시기별로는 3월과 12월에 수확했을 때가 각각 2.82, 2.74%이었으며 6월과 9월은 각각 2.12, 2.09%이었다. 건조방법별로는 증건했을 때 가 1.65%로 가장 낮았고 양건, 음건, 열풍건 및 원적외선 건조에서는 차이가 없었다.

The sewage sludges and livestock manures, respectively, were composted with sawdust used for control moisture in the static piles system composter. The variations of temperature, pH, moisture, C/N ratio, inorganic content, forms of organic materials and nitrogen, and contents of heavy metals were investigated. The results were summarized as follows ; The temperature for composting the sewage sludges reached the highest temperature of 52℃, after 3 days and lasted for 7 days, and then went down 30℃ after 52 days. In the case of composting livestock manures, the temperature reached to 63℃ after 10 days, that lasted for 10 days, and then went down gradually. After upsetting the sewage sludges and livestock manures, the temperature went up but was little changed after 52 days. Thus we decided that the terminal of composting periods would be 52 days. The moisture contents of the sludges and livestock manures for composting were decreased to 30% and 36%, respectively. The contents of inorganic matters and heavy metals were changed by the characteristics of raw materials but increased gradually during composting process. The total contents of organic materials in the sewage sludges and livestock manures for composting were decreased to 7% and 9%, respectively. The contents of ether extracts, resins, hemicellulose and cellulose were decreased but those of water soluble polysaccharides and lignins were not changed. The total contents of nitrogen in sewage sludges and livestock manures were decreased to 43% and 34%, respectively.

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing amount for effective treatment of raw water. The removal rate of turbidity and the variations of water qualities according to various dosage of coagulants such as Alum, PAC and PACS were investigated. The optimum coagulant dosing amount to make the lowest turbidity of water were 35㎎/ℓ of Alum, 30㎎/ℓ of PAC and l0㎎/ℓ of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 30㎎/ℓ of Alum, 25㎎/ℓ of PAC and l0㎎/ℓ of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. The removal rates of turbidity at 4 min. and 8 min. of settling time were 10 and 72% of Alum, 44 and 62% of PAC and 25 and 55% of PACS in case of 5 NTU, and 52 and 70% of Alum, 90 and 95% of PAC and 10 and 28% of PACS in case of 10 NTU, respectively. Judging from the settling capability of floc., the reaction time of floc. formation and removal efficiency of turbidity, PAC was evaluated as more effective coagulant than Alum and PACS. Also PAC was regarded as the most effective coagulant when the water supply was changed sharply and the fluctuation of the surface loading occured with wide and sharp in seettling basin. pH and alkalinity of the water were decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. But pH and alkalinity were not decreased below 5.8 which is the standard for drinking water quality, and l0㎎/ℓ which is the limit concentration of floc. breakage, respectively. Residual Al of the treated water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage in case of 5 and 10NTU of raw water turbidity. KMnO_4 consumption of the water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. The reduction rate of KMnO_4 consumption at the optimum coagulants dosage were 39% of Alum, 18% of PAC and 11% of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 42% of Alum, 27% of PAC and 36% of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Any relationship was not found between the removal rate of turbidity and KMnO_4 consumption. TOC of the water was a bit decreased with increasing coagulants dosage up to 30㎎/ℓ but not changed above 30㎎/ℓ of coagulants dosage. The degree of TOC reduction was increased in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. Zeta potential of the colloidal floc. at the optimum coagulants dosage was in the range of -20∼-15mV in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity and 0∼0.5mV in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Although the kinds and dosages of coagulants were different, zeta potential range were fixed under the conditions of the best coagulation efficiency.

진해(鎭咳), 거담(祛痰)의 약리작용으로 기관지 질병 치료에 효과가 있는 길경을 건강보조 식품으로 널리 애용하기 위해 탈지유와 설탕이 들어있는 기본배지에 길경을 즙, 퓨레 및 분말을 각각 첨가하고 4종의 흔합유산균주를 접종하여 호상 요구르트를 제조하여 시 험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 즙, 퓨레 및 분말 상태를 각각 첨가한 호상요구르트의 최적 발효시간은 12시간 이었으며 이때 pH는 4.1, 산도는 1.15%였다. 2. 길경 첨가 상태별 관능검사에 의한 최적 첨가량은 즙은 2% , 퓨레 및 분말은 각각 1% 첨가시에 좋았으며 즙 2% 첨가가 가장 좋았다. 3. 저장기간에 따른 요구르트의 pH는 저장기간의 경과에 따라 약간 감소하였고, 산도는 약간 증가하였으며 점도는 퓨레 첨가시에 가당 높았다. 4. 생균수는 발효완료 후 대조구가 6.2×108/ml, 즙 2% 첨가는 4.4×108/ml, 퓨레 및 분말 1% 첨가에서 각각 3.7×108/ml, 4.2×108/ml이었으며, 저장 9일동안 모든 시료에서 기준생균수 1억 마리 이상으로 좋은 저장성을 나타내었다.

To examine water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam, the ground water quality was investigated six times at five areas in Gyeongnam from October in 1995 to March in 1996. pH of ground water were generally in the range of 5.9∼7.6. But a site in Changnyeong area was out of the range in 6.0∼8.5 which is water quality standard for agriculture. COD of ground water was below 8.0㎎/ℓ which is water quality standard for agriculture in all areas and the average was below 2.8㎎/ℓ. NH_4^+ -N contents in ground water was very low in all areas and the average of NO_3^- -N contents in Changnyeong and Chinju area was high with 13.2 and 11.5㎎/ℓ, respectively. Hardness, SO_4^2- and EC of ground water in Haman were higher than any other area. Fe and Mn contents of ground water in Kimhae were higher than any other area with 7.17 and 0. 95㎎/ℓ, respectively. Heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn of ground water were below water quality standard for agriculture but some sites were over. Between COD and SS in ground water were not correlated with r=0.328, but between COD and NH_4^+ -N were positively correlated. And EC was positively correlated with Ca^2+, Mg^2+ and SO_4^2-. Ground water pollution status of agricultural water source of greenhouse area in Gyeongnam was generally high in order of Sacheon < Chinju < Haman < Kimhae < Changnyeong.

To study the optimum conditions of composting with industrial wastewater sludge, the variations of temperature and CO_2 generation amount during the composting periods were investigated. The conditions were that industrial wastewater added to bulking agents such as sawdust and rice hull was used, and differently treated with microorganism seeding or not, initial C/N ratios, air flow rate and initial moisture contents, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; Seeding 5% of microorganism was higher the temperature than not seeding. And using sawdust as bulking agents, and adjusting 30∼40 of initial C/N ratio, 200㎎/ℓ·min. of air flow rate and 67∼68% of initial moisture contents were higher the temperature than any other conditions. Seeding 5% of microorganisms was higher CO_2 generation amount than not seeding. And that was much in the order of 7∼40, 30∼34 and 22∼23 of initial C/N ratio. Judging from the results, it should be considered that the optimum conditions in the composting of industrial wastewater sludge were seeding of 5% microorganisms, and adjusting 30∼34 of initial C/N ratio, 200㎎/ℓ·min. of air flow rate and 67∼68% of initial moisture contents. The contents of inorganic matters and C/N ratio during the composting periods at optimum condition were a little increased, and heavy metals contents after composting were lower than standard for fertilizer.

Chemical characteristics of the industrial wastewater sludge, degradation of the sludge in soil and CO2 generation and changes of nitrogen in soil treated with the sludge were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Degradation rate of the sludge in soil was 26% at natural temperature, and 33% at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 2. T-C, T-N and the C/N ratio of sludge in soil was 16.0%, 0.63% and 26, respectively, at natural temperature, and 15.0%, 0.65% and 23, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 3. Camulative CO2 generation in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 284, 440 and 512 ㎎/100g, respectively, at natural temperature, and 440, 558 g and 654 ㎎/100 g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 4. Changes of inorganic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge were 7.8, 12.8 and 16.3 ㎎/100g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. Mineralization ratio of organic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 10.7%, 13.6% and 15.2%, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 5. Changes of pH in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of Industrial wastewater sludge were in the range of 6.7∼7.5 at natural temperature, and 6.1∼7.9 at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.