When multiple rates of return occur, none of them is an accurate portrayal of project acceptability or profitability For the simple investment situation, it was known that the IRR can serve as an appropriate index for either accepting or rejecting the inv

  The reinvestment assumption of the internal rate of return(IRR) method may not be valid in an engineering economy study. This situation, coupled with the computational demands and possible multiple interest rate associated with the IRR method, has given

Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban Atmosphere are contributing largely at significant risks to human health andhave caused serious problems such as ozone formation. This study is to identify the effects of DRE (destruction andremoval efficiency) and carbonization of styrene when using the electron beam energy. The irradiation intensity of electronbeam energy was 1mA, 5mA and irradiation time were 5sec and 10sec. The styrene was completely destroyed at 5mA.Main by-products was aerosol particles. Aerosol particle formation was increased with increasing irradiation intensity.Most of the by-products of particle were carbon.

The MFFn(Mass first flush), EMCs(Event mean concentrations) and runoff loads were analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2011 to 2012) in transportation area(rail road in station). The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 9.6 ㎎/L, COD 29.9 ㎎/L, SS 16.7 ㎎/L, T-N 3.271 ㎎/L, T-P 0.269 ㎎/L in the transportation areas(Railroad in station). The average pollutant loading by unit area of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 27.26 kg/㎢, COD 92.55 kg/㎢, SS 50.35 kg/㎢, T-N 10.13 kg/㎢ and T-P 10.13 kg/㎢ in the transportation areas. Estimated NCL-curve(Normalized cumulated-curve) was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good.

Despite abundant nutritions, krill is barely used for human consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional component and amino acid composition of krill and further utilizes it for food resource. Proximate compositions of krill meal were consisted of crude protein 58.85%, ash 13.89%, crude fat 12.45%, carbohydrate 11.01% and moisture 3.80%. The amount of total amino acid was 54.74 g%, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (7.71 g%), aspartic acid (6.20 g%), leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%), arginine (6.49 g%) and alanine (3.25 g%), respectively. Total essential amino acid content was 21.87%, and the major amino acids were leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%) and isoleucine (2.90 g%), respectively. Content of total free amino acid in krill meal was 20224.30 mg/kg, and the major free amino acids were taurine (4501 mg/kg), arginine (3130.60 mg/kg), proline (2302.90 mg/kg), alanine (2088.10 mg/kg), glycine (1606.40 mg/kg) and lysine (1197.40 mg/kg). Especially, taurine was the most abundant of all free amino acids. Thus, these data indicate that krill seems to be abundant protein source food.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is typical of a enormous biomass of marine zooplankton that could provide good nutrition in human body. This study was conducted to identify the nutrition of krill, a live in Antarctic Ocean. The analysis result of fatty acids of krill meal was as follow. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty (SFA) acid 41.41%, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) 21.69%, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 36.89%, and p/s ratio was 0.89. The major fatty acids in all parts were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 21.54%), palmitic acid (27.51%), oleic acid (13.35%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12.42%). Especially, EPA and DHA were occupied 33.96% of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The mineral contents of krill meal were calcium 24477.21 mg kg-1, sodium 14728.69 mg kg-1, magnesium 6973.49 mg kg-1, potassium 3981.67 mg kg-1, iron 395.33 mg kg-1 and manganese 5.74 mg kg-1. The contents of major vitamin were retinol 86717.37 μg RE, β-carotene 44.87 μg RE, tocopherol 2.60 mg, pantothenic acid 1.61 mg, indicating that krill meal contains large amount of retinol and β-carotene.

생활쓰레기의 성분은 수집대상 지역의 성격, 수집목적 및 수집방식 등 여러 가지 요인에 따라 매년 변화하게 되므로, 처리시설의 운전 시에는 생활폐기물의 양과 성분을 정확히 측정한 후, 쓰레기의 연소특성을 충분히 예측하여 처리시설의 운전을 결정하여한다. 본 연구는 군단위 지역에서 배출되는 생활 쓰레기의 성상 및 특성을 분석하여 생활폐기물 소각시설 설치에 필요한 기초자료 확보하고자 실시하였다. 조사 범위는 폐기물의 겉보기 밀도와 물리 조성비(가연성 물질 및 불연성 물질 등 10분류)등을 측정하고, 삼성분(수분, 가연분 및 회분)을 실시하였으며 화학적조성 6항목(C, H, O, N, S, Cl) 및 고위 및 저위발열량을 조사하였다. 조사결과 겉보기밀도는 133.32㎏/m³, 물리적 조성비에서는 가연성물질이 91.9% 였고 불연성 물질이 8.1%를 차지하였다. 물리적조성비에서는 음식물 8.8%, 종이류 31.5%, 나무류 2.8%, 고무피혁류 2.7%, 플라스틱류 22.2%, 기타 23.9%로 조사되었다. 삼성분분석에서는 수분이 26.7%, 가연분이 58.9%, 회분이 14.14.4%를 차지하였다. 화학적 조성에서는 C 44.6%, H 9%, O 44.9%, N 0.8%, S 0.08%, Cl 0.6% 기타 11%로 측정되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the glucide metabolism in serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group (group DMG) and STZ+Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (group DMS) than those in the control group (group BD). However, the concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were reduced in the group DMS than those in the group DMG. The activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in serum was lower in the group DMS than in the group DMG. The activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group DMS (Cordyceps militaris extract administration) than in the group DMG. The results indicate that Cordyceps militaris extract were effective in the improvement of the glucide metabolism in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid compositions and hepatic functional enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose and lipid compositions(total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride and phospholipid) and atherosclerotic index in serum were significantly lower in the DM+CM group than in the DM group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol in the DM+CM group were higher than in the DM group. The activities of hepatic functional enzymes(aminotransferase, LDH and ALP) in serum were lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group(group DM+CM) than in the hyperglycemic DM group. The results shown above suggested that Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation effectively improves blood glucose and atherosclerosis in the serum of diabetic rats.

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff by rainfall type in orchard areas and transportation areas for 2 years(2010~2011year). Effluents were monitored to calculate the Event Mean Concentrations(EMCs) and runoff loads of each pollutant. The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the ranges of BOD 0.9~13.6 ㎎/L, COD 13.7~45.2 ㎎/L, SS 4.1~236.4 ㎎/L, T-N 2.123~21.111 ㎎/L, T-P 0.495~2.214 ㎎/L in the orchard areas, and was calculated as BOD 2.3~22.5㎎ /L, COD 4.4~91.1 ㎎/L, SS 4.3~138.3 ㎎/L, T-N 0.700~13.500 ㎎/L, T-P 0.082~1.345 ㎎/L in the transportation areas. The correlation coefficient of determination in the orchard area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall(0.81) > Total Runoff(0.76) > Rainfall Intensity(0.56) > Rainfall Duration(0.46) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.27). Also, in the case of the transportation area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall (0.55) > Total Runoff(0.54) > Rainfall Intensity(0.53) > Rainfall Duration(0.24) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.14). As the result, comparing valuables relating to runoff of non-pollutant source between orchard areas and transportation areas, orchard area(R2 ≥ 0.5 : X3, X4, X5) was investigated to have more influence of diverse independent valuables compared to the transportation area(R2 ≥ 0.5 : X3, X4) and the difference of discharge influence factor by the land characteristics appeared apparently.

This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Cordyceps militaris hot-water extract intake on the improvement of lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol (total cholesterol, β-lipoprotein, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), atherosclerotic index, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in sera were remarkably lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher percentage in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. The activities aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in sera were rather lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration than in the hyperlipidemic rats. From the above research, Cordyceps militaris extract were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in sera of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

The MFFn(Mass First Flush) was analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2008 to 2009) in Transportation area(Highway, National road, Trunk road). Estimated MFFn using SWMM was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good (R2=0.89). Pollutants runoff loads by volume showed Highway 26.6%, National road 44.8%, Trunk road 35.0% at the MFF20(20% by total runoff). A case of MFF30, pollutants runoff loads by volume showed Highway 40.2%, National road 54.3%, Trunk road 46.8%. According to the results, Initial precipitation basis were Highway MFF30, National road MFF20, Trunk road MFF30 when the Non-Point source control facilities set up.

본 연구에서는 유역내 비점오염원의 영향으로 하천으로 유입되는 유량분석 및 수질특성을 알고자 함이다. 강우에 의한 유출, 유사 거동 등을 해석 가능한 분포형 모형인 SWAT 모형으로 선정하고, 남강댐 유역에 대해 비점오염원 특성 분석을 실시하였다. 유역에 대한 모형을 구축하고 보정 및 검정을 한 후 오염부하량을 산정하였다. 남강댐 유역중 3개의 대표권역을 선정하여 유출모의와 계절별 오염부하량을 산정하였다. 유출량은 강우에 의해 큰 변화를 보이며, 오염농도 및 부하량은 유출량에 의해 변화를 보였다. 강우가 비교적 작은 봄, 가을, 겨울에 비해 여름에 오염 부하량이 높에 나타 났으며, 부영양화, 조류 현상을 발생시키는 오염요소인 총 질소량과 총 인량 도 여름철에 가장 높게 나타났다. 3권역중 덕천강 권역에서는 유사량의 유출이 크게 나타났다. 그 결과 유사에 대한 관리방안의 수립 및 저감시설의 구축이 필요하며, 유역의 최종 출구지점인 남강댐에 비점오염원의 영향을 검토 할 수 있었다.

Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loading of pollutants from nonpoint sources as well as point sources. Especially in case of road regions such as city trunk road, national road and highway are rainfall and pollutants runoff intensive landuses since they are impervious and emit a lot of pollutants from vehicle activity. This research was conducted to investigate the nonpoint sources concentration and quantifying stormwater pollutants which are contained in rainfall runoff water. Three different monitoring sites in Jinju and Changwon city were equipped with an automatic rainfall gauge and flow meter for measuring rainfall and the volume of rainfall runoff. In the case of average EMC value, city trunk road was shown the highest value in target water quality items like as BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP. Or the amount of runoff loads by water quality items showed the highest value in city trunk road. And runoff load in city trunk road was 43.8 times high value compared to highway by value of city trunk road 356.7 ㎎/㎡, highway 8.150 ㎎/㎡, national road 19.99 ㎎/ ㎡ in the case of BOD.

Emissions of leachate, odor, and landfill gas(LFG) from an open-dumping landfill site do harm to public health by contaminating neighboring soil, underground water, and rivers. Particularly, methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2), the main components of LFG, are especially noted as the causing material of the global warming that become seriously recognized worldwide issue. As one of alternatives in managing LFG, incineration of inflammable wastes that are generated during excavation process at an open-dumping landfill has been evaluated. Standard on stabilization for evaluation, neither CH4 density nor CO2 density could not Because meet 'less than 5%' criterion and so it is right to install a gas collection system during landfill renewal to prevent diffusion of odor and collect it. Because it shows considerable heating value, incineration of inflammable wastes might be the reasonable solution from the result of our study.

The purpose of this study was to identify the difficulties of subject integration between technology and home economics subject and to present its integration strategies. The review of literature and deliberative method were used to solving the problem of this study. According to the premise and alternative of subject integration in technology & home economics, the results of this study were as follows; First, the starting point of subject integration is to create a new subject name include elementary with secondary education. Second, the type of subject integration should be oriented to recognize the technology and home economics of discipline. Finally, the possible method of subject integration will be contributed integration or functional integration type. That integration method is not discipline structure viewpoint but the viewpoint of experience integration.

This study was designed to analyse the odor from Nam river. The characteristic odor in the water occurred from geosmin and phenol, p-cresol and indol were detected from sediment/water samples. The others were detected as alcohols and fat acid compounds. Algae causing odor and taste were identified as Oscillatoria sp. and Synedra acus. 15 species of phytoplankton, a zooplankton, an eelworm and chironomus were identified in water/sediment sample.