In the last few years there has been a proliferation of asynchronous online discussion forums which have opened up the possibilities for people to exchange ideas at any place and at any time. The literature has documented that asynchronous online discussion has the following desirable characteristics: 1) it may help enhance the participation of students who might be less willing to participate in traditional face-to-face classroom settings due to shyness; and 2) it has the potential to encourage more thoughtful responses since participants can take their own time in composing their thoughts. Nonetheless, despite the promise of asynchronous online discussion to promote rich learning experiences, students do not always make use of its potential. The purpose of this study was to examine how a group of Singapore students interacted with one another, as well as the types of thinking skills, critical or creative thinking, and levels of information processing they exhibited during an asynchronous online discussion. This was an attempt to develop certain guidelines that would help facilitate students' in-depth thinking and promote student-to-student interaction in an online discussion environment.*

Companies adopted a program called Six Sigma, in order to make fundamental changes in the way the company operated to fulfill customers' expectations. Six Sigma reduces the occurrence of defects. This approach derives the overall process of selection the right projects based on their potential to improve performance metrics and selection and training the right people to get the business results. However, in the course of Six Sigma process steps, companies are in the face of problems. This study is to solve the problems using TP(Thinking Process) of TOC(Theory of Constraints). TOC is methodology for solving key problem in system which is called Constraints. Nowadays, its application is going to be wide and its concept is being implemented. In this paper, it is showed possibility of application TOC to Six Sigma.

본 연구의 목적은 문제중심무용학습이 중학생들의 비판적 사고와 문제해결능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위함이다. 이를 위해서 78명의 중학생을 실험집단(n=39명)과 통제집단(n=39명)으로 구성하고 총 8주(주 2회, 회당 45분)동안 무용수업을 실시하였다. 측정도구는 비판적 사고성향과 문제해결능력 검사지가 이용되었고 자료분석은 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰성 검증, t-검증 및 반복측정 분산분석이 실시되었다. 연구 결과 8주간의 문제중심무용학습은 실험집단의 비판적 사고성향 중의 진실추구, 편견없음, 분석 및 호기심 성향을 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 또한 문제중심무용학습은 실험집단의 문제해결능력 중의 문제해결 자신감을 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 문제중심무용학습이 중학생들에게 끼친 비판적 사고와 문제해결능력 증진에 대한 시사점을 논의한 후에 창의적/비판적 사고와 관련변인, 교사교육에서 비판적 사고력 강화 및 문제중심 학습원리를 적용한 무용수업의 실천적 문제와 관련된 추후 연구과제에 대해서 제시하였다.