가뭄은 인위적인 용수공급 시스템이 잘 갖추어진 도시지역보다는 아직까지 인위적인 용수공급시스템이 갖추어지지 않은 비도시지역에서 더 빈번하게 느껴지며, 또한 가뭄은 인위적인 용수공급시스템이 갖추어지지 않은 지역에서 가장 먼저 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 인위적인 용수공급시스템이 갖추어지지 않은 지역을 대상으로 일 단위로 실제 가뭄상황을 판단하는데 적용할 수 있는 실시간가뭄지수를 이용하였다. 실시간가뭄지수는 표준강수지수, 용수공급량 및 수요량의 실시간 자료를 활용하여 시/군/구 단위로 산정된다. 1980년부터 2012년까지 전국 164개 시/군을 대상으로 실시간가뭄지수를 산정한 결과, 과거 주요 가뭄사상을 비교적 잘 재현하고 있음에 따라 본 연구에서 인위적인 용수공급시스템이 갖추어지지 않은 지역을 대상으로 실제 가뭄상황을 판단하는데 실시간가뭄지수를 이용하는 것이 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있다.

This study was performed to investigate improving immune activities of natural water-soluble sulforaphane extracted from Brassica oleracea var. italica by nano encapsulation process. The nanoparticles of the sulforaphane extracted with ultrasonification process at 60℃ promoted human B and T cell growth, about 7~35% compared to the control. The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from T cells were also enhanced as 2.6×10-4pg/cell and 2.1×10-4 pg/cell, respectively, by the adding nano samples. NK cell activation was improved about 8%, compare to the control in adding cultured medium of T cell added nano samples. It was also found that sulforaphane extracted from B. oleracea var. italica had highly inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase as IC50 about 200 μg/ml. It can be concluded that natural water-soluble sulforaphane samples by nano-encapsulation, each size is 200 nm, extracted from B. oleracea var. italica has high immune activities through higher efficiency of bio-activation than conventional extracts.

It is analysised the causes and extent of damage of natural disasters through the investigating of natural disaster states occurred in Gyeongsangnam-do. The data for this study were based on disaster annual report between 1987 and 2003. Especially, the data between 1993 and 2003 were used for the analysis in Gyeongsangnam-do area. A typhoon and a heavy rain were the major causes of the natural disasters in Gyeongsangnam-do. For all that the extent of damage by a heavy rain was twice as much as that of a typhoon, Gyongsangnam-do suffered heavy damage from a typhoon. So, special attentions should be paid to establish prevention plans for that in this area. Also, half of the natural disasters were occurred between July and August, the intensive prevention plans for the summer season are needed.

In order to understand the impact for decomposition of blue-green algae Microcystis on water quality, the algae were cultivated with collection of natural population during approximately one month, when water-bloom of Microcystis dominated at August 31, 1999 in the lower part of the Okchon Stream. The enrichment of inorganic N·P nutrients didn't in algal assay and the effect of Microcystis on water quality was assessed from the variation of nutrients by algal senescence. Microcystis population seemed to play a temporary role of sink for nutrients in the water body. Initial algal density of Microcystis was 2.3×106 cells/ml. When Microcystis population died out under light condition, algal N·P nutrients between 9∼12 days affected to increase of biomass after reuse by other algal growth as soon as release to the ambient water. However, cellular nutrients under dark condition were almost moved into the water during algal cultivation. NH4, NO3 and SRP concentration were highly increased with 160, 17 and 79 folds, respectively relatve to the early. As a result, the senescence of Microcystis population seemed to be an important biological factor in which cause more eutrophy and increase of explosive algal development by a lot of nutrients transfer to water body. There are significantly observed an effort of reduce for production of inner organic matters such a phytoplankton as well as load pollutants from watershed in side of the water quality management of reservoir.