This study showed the increase of antitumor activities of water soluble E. sinica extract by nano-encapsulation process with lecithin. Five groups of lecithin only group (LO), lecithin nano-encapsulated E. sinica group (LE), E. sinica only group (EO), one negative control group (NCO) and positive control group (PCO) were set for several anticancer experiment and fed into Sarcoma-180 injected mice. The cytotoxicity of LE on the human normal kidney cell (HEK293) showed 14.8% lower than 19.2% of EO and 18.4% of LO. Growth of human liver carcinoma cell and human stomach carcinoma cell as representative of digestive system in vitro was inhibited up to about 85.1% and 87.3%, in adding 1.0 mg/ml of LE, which values 15% higher than that from conventional EO. The survival rates of each mice group were 40%, 63%, 48%, 33% and 100%, respectively after 40 days of injecting Sarcoma-180. The increment of their body weights of the extract feeding groups was suppressed down to 10~15%, compared to the negative control. The nano-particles also reduced the hypertrophy of the internal organs such as spleen and liver down to 15~20%, compared to those as the other groups. Among them, LE effectively reduced the size of tumor form to 20%. From these results, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of E. sinica could be enhanced by using nano-encapsulation process with lecithin because of better permeation into the cancer cells by confocal observations.

Sunlight, and in particular its UV component, is the major environmental trigger that underlies the major signs of human skin and skin cancer in general. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the UV protection effects of R. coreanus. R. coreanus was extracted by ultra high pressure extraction process at 500 MPa and 30℃ for 5 and 15 minutes. The cytotoxicity of the extracts extracted by ultra high pressure process on human dermal fibroblast cell CCD-986sk, human kidney normal cell HEK293, and human lung normal cell HEL299 was measured as 17.5%, 16.5% and 14.0%, respectively in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the samples, which was much lower than that from conventional water extraction method at 100℃ as 23.2%, 22.5%, 21.2%. The secretion of NO- from macrophage showed 15.9 μM on the R. coreanus extract from this process, which was higher than others. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from UV-induced human skin cells was also greatly decreased down to 510 pg/ml, compared to the control. From the results, we considered that the extracts from R. coreanus could be potent natural materials for skin anti-inflammation agent, and could be used as a potential anti-aging for the photo-damaged skin.

The low quality fresh ginseng was fermented by Phelinus linteus or Hericium erinaceum mycelium. This fermented ginseng was extracted by water at 100℃ or water with ultrasonification at 60℃. Total phenolic compounds was improved by ultrasonification extraction process, compare to conventional water extraction. All extracts enhanced the growth of human B and T cells, showing 2.68 times and 3.43 times higher, respectively, than the control. The secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 from human immune cells was enhanced as 3.53×10-4 pg/cell, 3.40×10-4 pg/cell by adding H. erinaceum mycelium fermented ginseng. H. erinaceum mycelium fermented ginseng yielded higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The cytotoxicity on human normal kidney cell (HEK293) was as low as 20.5% in adding the maximum concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of fermented ginseng. Generally, the extracts from ultrasonification extraction process showed 10% lower toxicity than that by conventional process. H. erinaceum mycelium fermented ginseng had the highest anticancer activity on human lung cancer and stomach cancer cells as 69.33% and 75.32%, respectively at 1.0 mg/ml. It can be concluded that, in general, H. erinaceum mycelium fermented ginseng has relatively better immune and anticancer activities than P. linteus fermented ginseng. Expecially, the extracts treated with ultrasonification had higher activities than that from conventional extraction process.

This study was performed to compare the effects of immuno-modulating activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. fractionized by consecutive solvent separation. The Cytotoxicity of all fractionized extracts on human kidney cell (HEK293) was lower than crude extracts. Generally, the butanol and chloroform extracts showed less cytotoxicity on about 10.07% and 9.67% than the crude extracts. For human immune B and T cell growth, chloroform fraction showed the highest cell growth compared to the control. The secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) on human B and T cells were increased by adding chloroform extracts. Also, NK cell growth was significantly improved up to nearly 30% by adding the supernatant of B cell medium grown with the chloroform fraction. It was also found that chloroform fraction could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than untreated control cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells was increased up to 131.9% after treatment with chloroform fraction extracts, compared to the control. These results indicate that the chloroform fraction of R. sachalinensis have high immune activation activity than others fractions and the crude extracts, implying that this chloroform fractions could be used a new functional material.

This study was performed to compare alcohol fermentation ability and saccharification of potatoes and sweet potatoes. Cooperated with ultrasonification process is not contain pass through cook process, but contain process using ulrasonification instead cook process. In result of sugar contents measurements sweet potato and potato was highest of a family at 6 hours fermentation, and it showed the highest sugar contents as each 11.5 brix, 10.4 brix. In result of alcohol contents measurements of sweet potato and potato, highest of a family in 4 days, and it showed th highest alcohol contents as each 8.2, 6.0%. Finally complex enzymes II process revealed similar activities like cook process.

This study was performed to enhance anticancer activities of E. sinica, and A. gigas by ultra high pressure extraction process. The cytotoxicity of E. sinica and A. gigas on human kidney cell (HEK293) was as low as 24.94% and 25.3% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the sample extracted at 500 Mpa for 15 minute. Generally, the inhibition of cancer cell growth on A549 and MCF-7 was increased over 20% in the ultra high pressure samples, compared to the conventional extraction process. Under the extracts from ultra high pressure process showed not only the strongest anticancer activities, but also had better stability than normal extracts. It was also found that the extracts of A. gigas reduced the hypertrophy of the internal organs, such as adrenal and spleen caused stresses in several mouse models.

This study was performed to improve antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts by nano-encapsulation. R. coreanus was extracted at 60℃ and encapsulated by lecithin and gelagine. Nano-encapsulated extracts showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 97.62% in adding sample (500 μg/ml), compared to the extracts from conventional processes. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 55.23%. High inhibitory potency on tyrosinase was also measured as 155.8% by adding nano-sample of 1 mg/ml. The improvement of biological activity was demonstrated by real time confocal microscope. We could consider that the water soluble extracts of R. coreanus could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulated as a potent natural resources for antioxidant and skin-whitening agent.

This study was performed to improve immune activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel by encapsulation of nanoparticles. Immuno-activities of R. coreanus were investigated through aqueous extracts associated with process of water at 60℃. It showed high promotion of human B and T cells growth about 50%, compared to the case of other conditions. The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α was also enhanced as 2.44×10-4pg/cell and 1.94×10-4pg/cell, results by adding nano samples. NK cell activation was improved up to 29% higher than the conventional extraction process. The secretion of NO from macrophage showed 14.9 μm on the nano-encapsulation process extracts, which was higher than others. The size of nanoparticles was in the range of 50~300 nm, which can effect the penetration into the cells. It was clearly observed by real time confocal microscope.

This study was performed to investigate a methodology of improving immune activities of Berberis koreana Palibin by ultra high pressure on low temperature extraction process. Extraction yield was enhanced up to more than 35% by above process, compare to the control and extraction average. The cytotoxicity on human kidney cell (HEK293) was showed below 20.4%, 21.6% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the highest concentration. Generally, the extracts by ultra high pressure extraction process showed less toxicity about 5% than the other processes. It could tell that toxic materials that existing in the plant could be reduced or broken by ultra high pressure process due to can be broken bond such the hydrogen bond, the electrostatic bond, the van der Waals bond, and the hydrophobic bond, can be broken by high pressure. The result could be employed to develop a new type of functional food from B. koreana Palibin by low temperature high pressure process.

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity according to parts of the Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. Most extracts showed high scavenging activities on DPPH. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed higher activity as 98.4% than the control, BHA as 96.5%. A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to decreasing of pH. On SOD-like test, the wood of A. okamotoanum showed highest activity as 35.4% at 1.0mg/ml concentration. Also, the extracts obtained high activity on GST test. Therefore, the water extracts from the bark of A. mono and A. okamotoanum have relatively good antioxidant activity and GST activity. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed the highest activity on all of extracts, could be the use of functional foods and biomaterials.

This study was performed to investigate improving immune activities of natural water-soluble sulforaphane extracted from Brassica oleracea var. italica by nano encapsulation process. The nanoparticles of the sulforaphane extracted with ultrasonification process at 60℃ promoted human B and T cell growth, about 7~35% compared to the control. The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from T cells were also enhanced as 2.6×10-4pg/cell and 2.1×10-4 pg/cell, respectively, by the adding nano samples. NK cell activation was improved about 8%, compare to the control in adding cultured medium of T cell added nano samples. It was also found that sulforaphane extracted from B. oleracea var. italica had highly inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase as IC50 about 200 μg/ml. It can be concluded that natural water-soluble sulforaphane samples by nano-encapsulation, each size is 200 nm, extracted from B. oleracea var. italica has high immune activities through higher efficiency of bio-activation than conventional extracts.

This study was performed to compare effect of immune activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis by various extraction process with different temperature and extraction solvents. Experiments were performed for investigate the immune activities on human B and T cell growth and secretion of their cytokines. Also, antibodies in serum were investigated in female ICR mouse by feeding the extracts of R. sachalinensis at doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg orally for 15 days. The immune cell growth and secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) on human B and T cells were increased by adding R. sachalinensis extracts compare to the control. Also, total serum IgG levels increased by feeding R. sachalinensis extracts. It can be conclude that optimum condition for efficient extraction of R. sachalinensis as functional material is slovent extraction process using water with ultrasonification at below 100℃ than typical process.

곰의말채의 항암 및 면역활성을 탐색하고자 수피, 목부, 잎의 부위별 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 인간 정상 신장세포를 이용한 세포독성 실험에서 모든 추출물이 1.0mg/ml 농도의 첨가를 통해 대략 25% 이하의 세포독성을 나타내었다. 폐암세포인 A549와 유방암세포인 MCF-7을 이용한 항암실험에서 수피 추출물이 1.0mg/ml 농도의 첨가를 통해 각각 57.4%와 58.7%의 생육저해 활성을 보였다. 모든 추출 시료가 면역세포인 B세포와 T세포의 생육을 촉진하였는데, 특히 수피 추출물 첨가를 통해 B세포와 T세포의 생육이 5일째 대조군과 비교하여 각각 38.7%와 58.7%까지 증진되었다. 면역세포 분비물인 IL-6와 TNF-α의 분비량 측정에서도 수피 추출물 첨가군이 1.28×10?4 pg/cell, 1.38×10?4 pg/cell를 나타내며, 각각 0.86×10?4 pg/cell, 0.70×10?4을 나타낸 대조군에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 또한 면역세포 분비물 첨가를 통한 NK-92MI세포 생육 증진에도 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 이로써 곰의말채 추출 성분이 항암 및 면역활성에 유용한 성분을 함유하고 있으며, 특히 수피 추출물이 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 병풀의 초음파 추출 시 용매에 따른 면역활성 증진 효과를 탐색하고자 수행되었다, 각 추출공정의 수율 비교에서 초음파 공정을 병행한 60℃ 에탄올 추출이 일반 100℃ 물 추출에 비해 15% 높은 수율을 나타냈으며, 에탄올을 용매로 한 추출이 동일한 조건의 물 추출에 비해 모두 높은 수율을 나타냈다. 이는 용매의 극성과 용출되는 병풀 내 성분의 극성에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 인간 정상 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk를 이용한 세포독성 측정을 통해 모든 병풀 추출물이 32% 이하의 세포독성을 나타냈다. 인간 면역 B, T세포의 생육도 측정에서 초음파를 병행한 60℃ 에탄올 추출물이 무첨가 대조구에 비해 10%의 증진 효과를 나타내었으며, 면역세포의 cytokine 분비량 측정에서도 IL-6, TNF-α의 분비를 각각 4.86 × 10-4 pg/cell과 5.73 × 10-4 pg/cell로 나타내 증진 효과를 나타냈다. 또한, 초음파 병행 에탄올 시료를 첨가한 면역 T세포의 분비물에 의한 NK 세포 활성에서도 10%의 생육증진효과를 나타내었다. 이를 통해 병풀의 에탄올 추출물이 면역 활성을 가지고 있으며 초음파 공정을 통해 활성의 증진이 나타날 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 에탄올 용매를 통해 병풀 유용성분의 용출이 증진되고, 초음파 공정을 통해 병풀 유용 성분의 수율 향상 및 유용성분의 변화, 신규물질 용출 등이 일어나기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

Immune activities of Opuntia ficus indica L. Miller were investigated through aqueous extracts associated with ultrasonification process at 60℃, and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, up to 52% and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-α and IL-60 was also enhanced by the addition (0.5mg/ml) of the extracts, up to 48%. NK cell activation was significantly improved up to 1.3 times higher than the case of adding other extracts. It was also found that extracts from O. ficus indica could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher Immune acitivities than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of O. ficus-indicais water extraction associated with ultrasonification.