Vibrio mimicus is a closely related species with V. cholerae, and has been reported to be associated with gastrointestinal infections. Although extraintestinal infections of these vibrios have also been reported in Japan and Southeast Asia. But little research papers on V. mimicus was reported in Korea. Therefore, we tried to isolate V. mimicus from the environmental sea water from April to July in Pusan, Korea. Among the isolated strains, we selected the strongest hemolytic strain and then named V. mimicus SM-9. In this paper, we checked the antibiotic susceptibility and psychrotrophic characteristics of the isolated strain. Hemolytic activity of the hemolysin produced by the isolated strain was also measured. V. mimicus was not detected from the sea water samples in April and May, but its detection rate was relatively high in June and July in Pusan, Korea. The bacteriological characteristics of V. mimicus SM-9 were Gram-negative rods, motile, oxidase positive, Voges-Proskauer negative and sucrose negative. In 23 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test, V. mimicus SM-9 showed susceptibility to the most of antibiotics submitted while it was resistive against lincomycin, oxacillin, rifampin and vancomycin. Hemolytic activity of the hemolysin produced by V. mimicus SM-9 was highest in stationary phase of the growth curve in BHI broth at 37℃ and its activity was reached 18 HU per ml of culture supernatant. For checking the psychrotrophic property of V. mimicus SM-9, the decreasing rate of the strain in phosphate buffer solution and yellowtail flesh homogenate was examined during the storage at 4, 0, -4 and -20℃. The decreasing rates of the selected strain stored in phosphate buffer solution were greater than those in fish homogenate. Decreasing rates of V. mimicus SM-9 stored in phosphate buffer solution were not significantly different by the storage temperatures. The viable cell counts of the strain were decreased as 5 log cycles after 120 hours at all the tested temperatures. While decreasing numbers of the strain in fish homogenates were 2-4 log cycles after 120 hours. The decreasing pattern of the strain numbers were very slow after 200 hours at all the stored temperatures.

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. In order to isolate and purify of antimicrobial substance extracted from the root bark of Morus albs, the antimicrobial substance from the ethanol extract which exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity was purified by solvent fractionation, silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. Among the fractions fractionated by 4 kinds of solvents from the ethanol extract, the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis. Unknown compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC and the compounds showed strong absorbance at 207, 217 and 285 nm, therefore, it was supposed to be a kinds of aromatic compound.

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Mores alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were foodborne pathogens d food-related microorganiama. Therefore, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and shape change of microorganisms treated with the ethanol extract from the root bark of Mores alba were examined. In effects of treatment with the ethanol extract on the fatty acid compositions of B. aubtilis, S. aureus and E. coli, fatty aicd compositions such as hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecanoic acid (18:0)/octadecadienoic acid (18:2) of the tested strains were increased but pentadecanoic acid (15:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) of E. subtilis, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) of S. ctureus and hexadecenoic acid (16:1) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) of E. coli were decreased. The ethanol extract did not significantly affect the amino acid composition of the tested strains. Tranamisaion electron micrographa of microorganisms treated with the ethanol extract exhibited morphological changes that irregularly contracted cell surface in S. aureus and destructed cell walls in B. subtilis and E. coli.

In order to develop a natural food preservative, the root bark of Morus alba was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial substance from the sample, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract from the sample was atronger than those of the extracts by the other solvents such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone. The optimum extracting condition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction twice for 5 hours at room temperature in case of 7 times of absolute ethanol added to the crushed root bark of Morus albs. The ethanol extract from the root bark of Mores albs had strong antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria(MIC, 6.4-19.2 g/ml) such as B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Especially, Bacillus species was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria(MIC, 160-1600 g/ml) and yeasts(MIC, 1600 g/ml) such as C. albicans and S. acidifaeciens. The extract also showed growth inhibition against molds such as A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. versicolar and T. uiride.

This study was performed to compare the effects of immuno-modulating activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. fractionized by consecutive solvent separation. The Cytotoxicity of all fractionized extracts on human kidney cell (HEK293) was lower than crude extracts. Generally, the butanol and chloroform extracts showed less cytotoxicity on about 10.07% and 9.67% than the crude extracts. For human immune B and T cell growth, chloroform fraction showed the highest cell growth compared to the control. The secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) on human B and T cells were increased by adding chloroform extracts. Also, NK cell growth was significantly improved up to nearly 30% by adding the supernatant of B cell medium grown with the chloroform fraction. It was also found that chloroform fraction could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than untreated control cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells was increased up to 131.9% after treatment with chloroform fraction extracts, compared to the control. These results indicate that the chloroform fraction of R. sachalinensis have high immune activation activity than others fractions and the crude extracts, implying that this chloroform fractions could be used a new functional material.

This study was performed to compare alcohol fermentation ability and saccharification of potatoes and sweet potatoes. Cooperated with ultrasonification process is not contain pass through cook process, but contain process using ulrasonification instead cook process. In result of sugar contents measurements sweet potato and potato was highest of a family at 6 hours fermentation, and it showed the highest sugar contents as each 11.5 brix, 10.4 brix. In result of alcohol contents measurements of sweet potato and potato, highest of a family in 4 days, and it showed th highest alcohol contents as each 8.2, 6.0%. Finally complex enzymes II process revealed similar activities like cook process.

This study was performed to enhance anticancer activities of E. sinica, and A. gigas by ultra high pressure extraction process. The cytotoxicity of E. sinica and A. gigas on human kidney cell (HEK293) was as low as 24.94% and 25.3% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the sample extracted at 500 Mpa for 15 minute. Generally, the inhibition of cancer cell growth on A549 and MCF-7 was increased over 20% in the ultra high pressure samples, compared to the conventional extraction process. Under the extracts from ultra high pressure process showed not only the strongest anticancer activities, but also had better stability than normal extracts. It was also found that the extracts of A. gigas reduced the hypertrophy of the internal organs, such as adrenal and spleen caused stresses in several mouse models.

This study was performed to improve antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts by nano-encapsulation. R. coreanus was extracted at 60℃ and encapsulated by lecithin and gelagine. Nano-encapsulated extracts showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 97.62% in adding sample (500 μg/ml), compared to the extracts from conventional processes. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 55.23%. High inhibitory potency on tyrosinase was also measured as 155.8% by adding nano-sample of 1 mg/ml. The improvement of biological activity was demonstrated by real time confocal microscope. We could consider that the water soluble extracts of R. coreanus could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulated as a potent natural resources for antioxidant and skin-whitening agent.

This study was performed to compare effect of immune activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis by various extraction process with different temperature and extraction solvents. Experiments were performed for investigate the immune activities on human B and T cell growth and secretion of their cytokines. Also, antibodies in serum were investigated in female ICR mouse by feeding the extracts of R. sachalinensis at doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg orally for 15 days. The immune cell growth and secretion of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) on human B and T cells were increased by adding R. sachalinensis extracts compare to the control. Also, total serum IgG levels increased by feeding R. sachalinensis extracts. It can be conclude that optimum condition for efficient extraction of R. sachalinensis as functional material is slovent extraction process using water with ultrasonification at below 100℃ than typical process.

치콘 및 엽채류의 저장기간 연장을 위해 천연보존제 및 천연항균제 선정을 위한 항균실험을 실시하고 후박 추출물이 미생물 최소 저해 농도 및 집락 형성 저해능이 높음을 확인하였다. 이를 엽채류에 도포함으로써 이들의 저장기간을 연장시키고자 수용성 추출물의 활용성을 극대화 할 수 있는 식용 나노입자를 제조하고 전자현미경 관찰 및 image anlyzer 측정을 통해 후박 추출물 나노입자의 80% 이상이 300nm 이하 크기로 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 투과전자현미경을 이용한 관찰을 통해서도 수십 nm ~ 약 500nm 범위의 유사 구형 나노입자임을 확인하였으며, 엽채류 저장기간 연장 효과를 알아보고자 이 나노입자를 치콘 표면에 분무 도포하였다. 전자현미경을 통한 치콘 표면 촬영으로 도포된 후박 추출물 나노입자가 표면에 잔류하고 있음을 확인하였으며, HPLC 분석을 통해 후박 추출물을 서서히 방출하고 있음을 확인하였다. 나노입자를 도포한 치콘과 무처리 대조군의 저장기간에 따른 에틸렌 발생량을 GC로 측정한 결과, 입자를 도포한 치콘에서 초기 에틸렌 발생량이 높으나 저장기간에 따른 에틸렌 생성량의 증가를 억제해 7일 이후에는 발생량 자체도 적어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 후박 추출물의 나노입자가 치콘의 세포호흡을 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 확인한 것으로 나노입자의 처리를 통해 저장기간의 연장효과를 나타내었다.

본 연구에서는 초고압 추출 공정의 활성 증진 효과를 알아보기 위해 당귀의 자외선 차단 효과 및 피부 미백활성 실험을 실시하였다. 인간의 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk를 이용한 세포독성 실험에서 1.0mg/ml 농도의 시료 첨가를 통해 초음파 병행 60℃ 추출물이 21.27%로 가장 낮은 세포독성을 나타내었으며, 15분간 초고압 처리한 60℃초음파 병행 추출물이 23.49%로 가장 높은 세포독성을 나타내었다. UVA 처리에 따른 MMP-1 발현 저해 효과 측정에서 1.0mg/ml 첨가를 통해 15분간 초고압 처리한 60℃ 초음파 추출물이 UV를 조사하지 않은 대조군과 비교하여 122.2%를 나타내며 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid의 121.3%와 근사한 수치의 발현 억제 효과를나타내었다. 그 외 다른 시료들도 134.5% 이하로 발현하며 높은 저해율을 나타냄에 따라 당귀가 UVA에 대한 MMP-1 발현 저해 효과가 있음을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 억제효과에서는 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid가 1.0mg/ml의 농도에서 70.8%로 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 당귀 시료 중에서는 초고압을 15분간 처리한 60℃ 초음파 추출물이 ascorbic acid에 근사한 수치인 69.4%로 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었고, 그외의 시료들도 모두 55% 이상의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 시료 첨가를 통한 Clone M-3 세포주의 melanin 생성 억제실험에서 1.0mg/ml 농도 첨가를 통해 15분간 초고압 처리한 60℃ 초음파 추출물이 82.4%를 나타내어 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid에 비해 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 당귀가 자외선 차단 및 피부 미백 관련 향장 소재로의 활용 가능성이 있으며, 초고압 처리를 통해 향장활성의 증가가 가능함을 확인하였다.

증류수 및 Ethanol을 용매로 하여 온도 (60, 100℃) 및 초음파 병행 조건을 달리한 사자발쑥의 추출에서 초음파를 병행한 100℃ 열수 추출이 20.51%로 가장 높은 수율을 나타냈다. 또한 60℃ 및 100℃ 열수 추출이 60℃ ethanol 추출에 비해 각각 2배, 3배 정도의 수율 향상을 나타내었으며, 각각의 추출 조건에서 초음파를 병행한 추출이 일반 열수 추출과 비교하여 약 20% 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 인간 정상세포를 이용한 사자발쑥의 세포독성 실험에서 60℃ ethanol 추출물의 세포독성이 가장 높게 나타났으며 100℃ 물 추출물의 세포독성이 대체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 또한 초음파를 병행한 추출물이 초음파를 병행하지 않은 각각의 조건에 비해 5~8% 낮은 세포독성을 나타내었다. 인간 암세포를 이용하여 사자발쑥 추출물의 첨가를 통한 암세포 생육 억제 활성 측정 결과를 통해 0.8 mg/ml 이상의 농도 조건에서 초음파를 병행한 100℃ 물 추출물이 최고 73%의 억제 활성을 나타내며 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고, 60℃ 물 추출물의 초음파 병행 추출물이 농도 의존적으로 40~62%의 활성을 나타냄으로서 모든 농도조건에서 대체적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 각각의 조건에서 초음파를 병행한 추출물의 암세포 억제 활성이 초음파를 병행하지 않은 열수 추출물에 비해 최대 110% 까지 증진된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포선택성에서도 모든 조건에서 초음파를 병행한 추출물이 병행하지 않은 일반 열수 추출물에 비해 증가된 세포선택성을 나타냈다. 암 발생 기작을 알아보기 위한 bcl-2 발현 실험에서 100℃ 물 추출물의 IOD 수치가 가장 높게 나왔으나 초음파를 병행을 통해 감소하여 가장 적은 수치를 나타냄에 따라 초음파 병행 공정을 통해 열수 추출 공정 및 용매에 따른 암 발생 관련 성분의 발현을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 사자발쑥의 효율적인 추출을 위해서 60℃ 이상 100℃ 미만의 온도에서 물을 용매로 하는 것이 바람직하며, 초음파 병행 공정을 통해 수율 향상 및 세포독성의 저해는 물론 암세포 생육 억제 활성의 증진을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.