본 연구는 면적이 작은 도시유역에 적용하기 위한 강우의 시간분포방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 유역의 특성을 고려한 Interevent Time Definition(ETD) 결정방법과 3시간 미만의 강우를 포함한 무차원 누가우량곡선을 제안하였다. 새롭게 제시된 IETD 결정방법은 호우 사상의 종료 시점으로부터 직접유출의 종료 시점까지의 기간을 IETD로 정의하였다. 제안된 IETD 결정방법을 사용하여 중랑 배수구역에 대한 면적-IETD 관계곡선을 유도하

The purpose of this research was to three-criteria landuse-pattern, developing density, NDVI which were related to the heat island and find the distribution characteristic of urban surface temperature and urban heat island effects. The results of this study were as follows. According to the analysis of surface temperatures, the first grade was the outside-city like a mountain and its temperature was less than 12.18℃. The fifth grade was the downtown industrial area and its temperature was more than 23.54℃. It means Daegu-Metropolitan-City has the serious heat-island effect. the results of landuse pattern analysis, in case of fifth and forth grade, city area was occupied over 90% with residential, commercial and industrial areas, but in case of third grade, openspace was occupied over 70%. The results of developing density analysis, the temperature had high correlation with building ratio, road ratio, vegetation ratio and etc. To plan for the decrease of heat island effect needed the extension of green space, decrease of paving, but there was a limit to get the objective method for grade classification because of lacking in the basic data, the research of criteria will be accomplished continuously.

The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal distribution of insects, birds, fishes, and benthos for Gongji stream in Chuncheon and to explore some strategies towards creating a desirable close-to-nature stream. The number of species occurred in the study stream was 23 for butterflies and 149 for other insects, 23 for birds, 15 for fishes, and 47 for benthos. The study stream was dominated by Artogenia rapae, Polygonia caureum, Cyntia cardui for butterflies, and Passer montanus, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos for birds. The dominant species were Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Zacco platypus, Carassius auratus for fishes, and Limnodrilus sp. 2, Chironomus sp. 2, Hydropsyche KUb for benthos. Attracting insect species of higher density requires planting of host plant species and stabilization of plant coverage against disturbances. To enhance species diversity and density of birds, it is desirable to provide diverse habitats including preservation of downstream wetland and natural vegetation, creation of sand bars and islands with sand and gravel, and restriction of traffic passing and parking. Restoring fish and benthos habitats needs improvement of water quality, layout of gravels and stones on sand-dominant streambed, and use of close-to-nature revetment techniques.

This paper aims to find the characteristics of concentration distribution of coastal urban air pollutants. For this purpose, It was used the daily meteorological data and the hourly concentration data for O3 and NO2 in Busan metropolitan city from 1994 to 1996. It was investigated the annual and monthly distribution of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration at each site in Busan, and also investigated the characteristics of concentration change of air pollutants with time under the sea breeze. As a results, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and ozone tend to be increased every year and nitrogen dioxide concentration is higher than ozone concentration at all sites in Busan. The concentration of ozone is high in summer season and low in winter season, but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide have a reversed trend. The monthly peak concentration of ozone occurred in April and September, while the monthly minimum concentration of nitrogen dioxide occurred in August. Their trend were identified by sites near the coastline than sites stands apart from the coastline. The sea breeze occurred annual mean 81 day in Busan from 1994 to 1996. The main wind direction of sea breeze was classified into southwesterly and southeasterly. In case of southwesterly, It was pronounced the south wind and southwest wind. In case of southeasterly, the occurrence frequency of east wind was high. Especially, the concentrations of urban air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide, were high on time which the sea breeze flow, and the areas that ozone concentration was high moved from outside part to central part of city with time. In costal urban such as Busan, the wind direction of sea breeze is influenced the change of ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration on time which the sea breeze flow at each site and also influenced the change of air pollutants concentration of sites on the pathway of sea breeze.