The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits,especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal andPlant Quarantine Agency of Korea and Animal Systematics Laboratory of Kunsan National University have collected thesamples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India, Nepal andLaos. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, weanalyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number ofdifferent alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137(SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci andpopulations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits, especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal and Plant Quarantin Agency of Korea and Animsl Systematics Laboratory of Kunans National University have collected the samples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India and Nepal. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, we analyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number of different alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137 (SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci and populations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016 to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, was introduced from East Asia (EA) into North America (NA) and is now widely established in NA. To compare soybean aphid populations between the native and invasive regions, we examined 689 individuals obtained from 28 different collections in NA and EA. A total of 8 microsatellite loci were used for population genetics statistics. Gene diversity and mean number of alleles in NA populations averaged 0.40 and 2.70, respectively, whereas in EA they averaged 0.55 and 4.32, respectively. Structure analysis of all populations revealed two distinct structures in the invaded and in the native regions. Among EA populations, certain Korean populations were genetically closest to NA populations, especially those from Ohio and Delaware. An approximate Bayesian computation test also supports an introduction into NA from Korea.

인간이 의도적으로 다른 생물들(병원균, 잡초, 곤충 등)의 개체수를 조절하고자 항생제, 제초제, 살충제 등의 약제를 사용하는 것은 필연적으로 이들 개체군 내에서 약제 내성의 진화가 일어나도록 한다. 진화생물학의 관점에서 약제 내성의 진화는 크게 “Evolutionary Rescue”라고 하는 최근 새롭게 대두되는 연구 분야의 결과를 적용하여 분석할 수 있다. 이는 환경의 급격한 변화 (즉, 인간에 의한 약제 투여/살포)에 따른 개체군 크기의 감소가 새로운 적응 (내성) 돌연변이의 출현에 의해 저지되어 개체군의 절멸을 저지하는 과정을 연구한다. 내성의 진화가 얼마나 빠른 속도로 일어나는가는, 조절하고자 하는 개체군의 인구학적 구조 (population structure and demography), 약제의 강도와 잔류농도 (drug dose and decay), 약제의 존재 유무에 따른 내성 돌연변이의 상대적 및 절대적 적응도 (relative and absolute fitness under the presence and absence of drugs), 아집단 간 개체의 이주율 (migration rate), 숙주의 저항/면역성 (host immunity), 저항성 획득의 분자생물학적 기작, 약제의 조합 (combination, mosaic, etc.) 등의 요인에 의해 결정된다. 본 발표에서는 이러한 요인들의 작용을 anti-malarial 내성 진화 모델의 구체적인 예를 통해 고찰할 것이다. 특히, 초기 내성 부여 돌연변이의 절대적 적응도 (absolute fitness)에 따라 내성 저지를 위한 두 가지의 극단적인 정책이 입안될 수 있다는 결론을 얻는다.

To compare genetic characteristic and differentiation between Dasineura oxycoccana populations, we collected 20 local samples from Korea and USA between 2012 and 2013. We established population genetics from Principal component analysis (PCA) and STRUCTURE using newly developed 12 microsatellites for 362 individuals. PCA results showed that Korean populations were divided into three genetically different groups. Correspondingly, STRUCTURE results indicated that Korean populations had at least three different genetic origins, which was totally different from USA populations. Among them, two populations occurring in Heongseong and Cheonan seemed to have species-level difference when matching with previous DNA barcoding result.

The introduction of new pathogens and disease vectors has been recognized as a major threat to Galapagos Island biodiversity. Here I focus on mosquito species of the Galapagos archipelago, using population genetic and phylogenetic data to understand their historical and current population dynamics. I show that two mosquito species found in the archipelago have very different historical and contemporary evolutionary histories: one species, Aedes taeniorhynchus, naturally colonized the archipelago 200,000yrs ago and is now found widely in the islands, having adapted and spread to a range of different habitats. It has also changed its feeding-behaviour and now frequently feeds on reptiles in addition to mammals, unlike the continental progenitor populat ions. These properties potentially make Aedes taeniorhynchus a key bridge-vector in the archipelago for any new invading mosquito borne diseases. In contrast, I show that Culex quinquefasciatus, a major vector of diseases such as West Nile virus and avian malaria, has been introduced on multiple occasions since 1985 via human transportation networks and that its distribution and movement in the archipelago depend greatly on human activities. These two species might play an important role in the introduction and spread of new diseases in the Galapagos archipelago.

Population genetics is the study of genetic constitution of Population across space and over time. Population genetics plays a pivotal role in characterizing dispersal behavior of insects and provides important clues to questions in the field of insect behavior and ecology. Understanding dispersal behavior of insects is of important issue not only for academic interests but also for application purposes including management and eradication. Dispersal is one of major evolutionary forces that can influence genetic variation of population. Dispersal is mostly driving genetic homogenization of diverging populations. Moreover, understanding dispersal pattern and capacity of insects is a key component for designing effective management and resistance management strategies of many insect pests since dispersal ability determines the spread rate of disease and resistance gene. The capability of predicting insect movement therefore is an essential component of agricultural production management systems. Here I introduce application of population genetics to insect dispersal study with the case studies of three agricultural insect pests, cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), Western con rootworms (Diabrotica vergifera) and European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). These insects all are invasive and major pests of crops of U.S.A during the last ~100 years.