바퀴(Blattella germanica L.)의 살충제 저항성 기구를 구명하고자 chlorpyrifos와 permethrin 살충제로 누대선ㅂㄹ하여 얻어진 저항성 바퀴를 대상으로 저항성 기작에 관여하는 esterase 활성변화에 관하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. Filter paper test 방법을 통한 esterase-의 활성은 chlorpyrifos와 permethrin 도태계통에서 각각 2.65배, 1.82배로 감수성계통보다 증가하였다. Spectrophotometer 방법을 통한 esterase의 활성은 감수성계통보다 chlorpyrifos 도태계통에서 - 및 -Naphthyl acetate에 대하여 각각 2.34배, 5.28배, permethrin 도태계통에서는 1.48배, 2.2배 증가하였다. 전기영동 실험을 통한 esterase isozyme pattern은 모두 5개의 band가 분리 검출되었다. Rc와 Rp계통에서는 감수성계통에서 뚜렷하게 검출되지 않은 Est-2와 Est-3 band가 검출되었으며, Rp계통에서는 감수성과 Rc계통에서 검출된 Est-5 band가 검출되지 않았다.

To develope a microbial weed control agent, HCN-producing bacteria were isolated, and their characteristics were investigated. A selected strain of WA15 was identified as Pseudomonas koreensis by morphological, cultural, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene analyses. The conditions for HCN production was investigated by a One-Variable-at-a-Time (OVT) method. The optimal HCN production conditions were tryptone 1%, glycine 0.06%, NaCl 1% , and an initial pH and temperature of 5.0 and 30℃, respectively. The major component for HCN production was glycine. Under optimal conditions, HCN production was about 3 times higher than that of the basal medium. The WA15 strain had physiological activities, such as indoleacetic acid that was associated with the elongation of plant roots and siderophore and ammonification inhibiting fungal growth, and produced hydrolytic enzymes, such as cellulase, pectinase and lipase. The strain was able to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, by the synergistic action of volatile HCN and diffusible antimicrobial compounds. A microscopic observation of R. solani that was teated with the WA15 strain showed morphological abnormalities of fungal mycelia, which could explain the role of the antimicrobial metabolites that were produced by the WA15 strain. The volatile HCN produced by the WA15 strain was also found to have insecticidal activity against termites. Our results indicate that Pseudomonas koreensis WA15 can be applied as a microbial agent for weed control and also as a termite repellent. Furthermore, it could be applied as a microbial termiticidal agent to replace synthetic insecticides.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under eco-friendly organic management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various eco-friendly organic materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to select eco-friendly organic materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : To test insecticidal activity, the Gelechiidae lavas were collected from the field and Nine eco-friendly organic materials were collected from the market. method. The insecticidal activity assay method was, putting Gelechiidae lavas on the 90mm petridish then water-diluted eco-friendly organic materials were sprayed onto the laver. Result of insecticidal activity was observed with a microscope 10 minutes, 2 hours and 18 hours after the treatment. Microscopic observation results, insecticidal activity was shown only in 5 out of 9 materials. Conclusion : As a result, Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested materials, but the 5 eco-friendly organic materials showed the same effect in repeated experiments. In this study, we selected 5 materials out of 9 eco-friendly organic materials against Gelechiidae, then future studies are planned to select the most suitable materials by field testing the 5 eco-friendly organic materials.

목화진딧물과 복숭아혹진딧물은 채소를 포함한 다양한 작물에 큰 피해를 주는 해충이다. 이들 해충의 친환경 방제를 위해 진딧물에 병원성이 높은 곰팡이(B. bassiana) 유래 대사물 질을 이용한 방제 연구를 수행하였다. 이 균주의 배양여액의 살충율은 목화진딧물에 처리 3일 후 100%, 복숭아혹진딧물에 처리 5일 후 99%였다. 이 추출물을 CHCl3 : MeOH 비율을 달리하여 silica gel column chromatography 한 결과, 50:1 (CHCl3 : MeOH)의 추출물 분획의 살충률이 목화진딧물과 복숭아혹진딧물에 각 80%와 75.4%로 다른 분획에 비해 현저하게 높았다. 또 각 용매비율별 추출물을 1:1로 혼합하여 처리한 결과, 분획 추출물 혼합에 의한 상승효과는 보이지 않았으며 두 진딧물에 모두 50:1 (CHCl3 : MeOH) 단독처리에서 살충률 (목화진딧물 77.3%, 복숭아혹진딧물 76.4%)이 가장 높았으며 50:1 + 70:1이 두 번째로 높았 다(목화진딧물 72%, 복숭아혹진딧물 70.2%). 앞으로 안정적인 진딧물 방제를 위해 50:1 분 획 추출물 내 진딧물 살충성 물질을 분리 동정 및 대량생산 연구를 진행할 예정이다.

This study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of Chrysanthemum sp. and to bioassay Tetranychus urticae, Nilaparvata lugens, and Aphis gossypii by different extracts part and method. Flower type of Chrysanthemum sp. line was anemone except 0706 line which was pompon. The flowering date was from April to June but 0721 line kept up November. They could overwinter except 0706 line. The Ethanol extracts of 0718 line of flower was high mortality as 63.8% on Tetranychus urticae. Ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts were the highest mortality as 69.4% at 5 days after. Mortality in water extract was lower than in ethanol and ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts. Ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts were higher mortality as 69.4% at 5 days after in 0718 line on Nilaparvata lugens. Mortality in water extract was lower than in ethanol and ethanol mixed emulsifier extracts. On Aphis gossypii, Chrysanthemum flower extracts could decrease the density of aphids in early days but the density of that was increase as time goes by because aphids produce offspring.

Carbamate 농약에 대한 cholinesterase(ChE)활성저해 관계를 규명 하고자 in vivo와 in vitro 실험을 하였다. ChE의 최적 pH는 8.0이었다. 병아리 혈장의 ChE 활성은 기질로 acetylcholin를 사용할 경우 24.6 μmol/min/g protein이었다. in vivo에서 BPMC을 0.32 mg/kg 경구 투여한 15분 후에 ChE 활성이 60% 까지 저해되었으며 그후 12시간 후에 97% 까지 회복이 일어났다. in vitro에서 효소 활성이 50%로 저해되는데 필요한 농도인 I50이 Phenyl N-methylcarbamate계에 XMC는 329 μg/ℓ였고, metolcarb은 214 μg/ℓ였다. BPMC는 111 μg/ℓ, propoxur는 107 μg/ℓ, isoprocarb는 104 μg/ℓ 이었다. Aromatic N-methylcarbamate계에 속하는 carbaryl의 I50은 280 μg/ℓ이었고, carbofuran 114 μg/ℓ이었다.