Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All the samples were collected with a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996, to analyze major ions and heavy metals. Dominant ions of aerosols were SO42- in anion and Na+ in cation. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions in aerosols showed high enrichmentfactor to soil and seawater composition. The concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols was lowest at the site P1 near the coast. The lowest concentrations of major ions and heavy metals mainly appeared in August, probably due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially, the concentrations of total suspended particulate matter(TSP) and heavy metals in aerosols showed good correlations in Pusan. Based on crustal Al, enrichment factors for some metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in aerosols were significantly greater than unity, and the order was Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu. This evidence suggests that Cd and Pb are derived predominantly from non-crustal sources.

Cation exchange distribution coefficients of poly(dithiocarbamate) were presented for Cd^2+, Cr^3+, and Pb^2+ in HCl. The distribution coefficients were determined by using the batch method. Based on these distribution data, the separation possibilities of the heavy metal ions were discussed. The distribution coefficients of three heavy metal ions on dithiocarbamate resin were decreased as HCl concentrations were increased. The selective separation of Cr^3+ and Cd^2+ was possible by using 0.1 M HCl in dithiocarbamate resin and the reproducibility test showed that the average absorptivity of resin was 90% in the case of Cd^2+ ion by the column method.

The removal effectiveness of various heavy metal ions in boron-rich containing plants has been studied by means of spectroscopic and pH methods. Treatment of the boron-rich containing sample which was collected from cherry and root of cabbage to heavy metal ions is resulted in that an excellent removal effect shows in the case of large ionic size of heavy metal. Stability constants are depended on the variation of pH.

New two macrocyclic compounds using as carriers of liquid emulsion menbrame, have been synthesized. These reuslts provide evidance for the usefulness of the theory in designing the systems. The efficiency of selective transport for heavy metal ions have been discussed from the membrane systems that make use of SCN^- I^- , CN^- and Cl^- ion as co-anions in source phase and make use of S_2O_3^2- and P_2O_7^4- ion as receiving phase, respectively. The transport, rate of M(Ⅱ) was highest when a maximum amount of the M(Ⅱ) in the source phase was present as Cd(SCN)_2([SCN^-]=0.40M, Hg(SCN)_2([SCN^-]=0.40M) and Pb(CN)_2([CN^-]=0.40M). The Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) over each competitive cations were well transprted with 0.3M-S_2O_3^2- and 0.3M-P20_7^4 , respectively in the receiving phase. Results of this study indicate that two criteria must be met in order to have effective macrocycle-mediated transport in these emulsion system. First one must effective extraction of the M^n+ into the toluene systems. The effectiveness of this extraction is the greatest if logK for M^n+-macrocycle interaction is large and if the macrocycle is very insoluble in the aqueous phase. Second, the ratio of the logK values for M^n+-receiving phase (S_2O_3^2- or P_2O_7^4-) to M^n+-macrocycle (L_1 or L_2) interaction must be large enough to ensure quantitative stripping of M^n+(Cd^2+, Hg^2+ or Pb^2+) at the toluene receiving phase interface. L_1(3.5-benzo-10,13,18,21-tetraoxa-1,7,diazabicyclo(8,5,5) eicosan) forms a stable Cd^2+ and Pb^2+ complexes and L_1 is very insoluble in water and its Cd2^+ and Pb^2+ complex is considerably less stable than Cd^2+-(S_2O_3)_2^2- and Pb^2+-P_2O_7^4- complexe is On the other hand, the stability of the Hg^2+-L_1 complex exceed that of the Hg^2+-(S_2O_3)_2^2- and Hg^2+-P_2O_7^4- , and the distribution coefficient of L_2(5,8,15,18,23,26-hexaoxa-1,12- diazabicyclo-(10,8,8) octacosane) is much smaller than that of L_1. Therefore, the partitioning of L_2 is favored by the aqueous receiving phase, and little heavy metal ions transport is seen despite the large logK for Hg^2+-L_1 and M^n+(Cd^2+, Pb^2+ and Hg^2+)-L_2 interactions.

Result of this study indicate that two criteria must be met in order to have effective macrocycle-mediated transport in these emulsion system. First, one must effective extraction of the post transition metals, Cd^2+ Pb^2+ and Hg^2+,into toluene membrane. The effectiveness of this extraction is greatest if log K values for the metal-macrocycle interaction is large. Second, the ratio of the log K values for the metal ion-receiving phase to the metal ion-macrocycle interaction must be large enough to ensure quantitative stripping of the metal ion at the toluene phase interface. Control of the first step can be obtained by appropriate selection of macrocycle donor atom, substituents, and cavity radius. The second step can be controlled by selecting the proper complexing agent for inclusion in the receiving phase. The order of the transport, when using the several A^- species such as SCN^-,I^-,Br and Cl^- is the order of the changing degree of solvation for A^- and the transport of the metals is also affected by the control of concentration for receiving species because of solubility-differences. In this study, we can seperate each single metal ion from the mixture of Cd^2+, Pb^2+, and Hg^2+ ions by using the toluene membranes controlled by optimized conditions. Transport of the single metal is also very good, and alkaline and alkaline earth metals as interferences ions did not affect the seperation of the metals in this macrocycle-liquid membrances but transition metal ions were partially affected as interferences for the post transition metal ions.