The purpose of main entrance was to protect the house with the wall and working for the house-gate where people come in and go out. On the other hand, the type of main entrance is changed variously depended on the materials for house and method of construction. Eleven villages in the Chungyang-Gun where the environment of rural villages is well maintained was chosen and researched to make data. These data of visual landscape elements were analysed by using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Relations of the visual component elements were analysed by the analysis for frequency and analysis for crosstab. From the above research we could conclude below results. Through review of the pre-researching and researching literatures, 11 types of visual component elements were selected such as the types of the gate, the looking through degree of the gate, the material of the gate, the color of the gate, the plan of the house, the material of the roof, a material of the wall, a color of the wall, the form of the penetration, the area to put, the area of a site, the year of the constructing a building. For the types of the gate, the gate from without the roof has been the most popular since it appeared 41.5%. For the looking through degree of the gate, a complete blockade form has been the most popular since it appeared 63.2%. For the material of the gate, the iron plate has been the most popular since it appeared 32.1%. For the color of the gate, color has been the most popular since it appeared 68.4%. For the plan of the house, 'ㄷ' form has beneath most popular since it appeared 38.3%. For the material of the roof. The Zinc has been the most popular since it appeared 51.9%. For a material of the wall, A cement mortar has been the most popular since it appeared 47.7%. For a color of the wall, Without tile color has hem the most popular since it appeared 67.0%. For the form of the penetration. The plain form has been the most popular since it appeared 54.0%. For tile area of a site, 100m2~200m2 has been the most popular since it appeared 39.0%. The results of this study can provide to use of indicates four rural-housing reform. From now on, the results look forward to offering the meaning directions for the improvement of rural house gates.

In this study, for the purpose of landscape reformation and improvement of visual quality of port cities, a number of port cities, including the Port of Oakland, the Port of Osaka, the Port of Kobe, the Port of Hong Kong, the Port of Busan and the Port of Incheon, has been subjected to the analysis of the importance of landscape and the elements of landscape composition, with the aim of presenting a framework for the landscape management of ports and their surrounding areas by understanding the psychological and physiological effects of port landscape elements based on such analysis. The result is as follows: Five elements, 'pleasantness', 'sophistication' , 'robustness', 'uniqueness', and 'openness' have been extracted as the psychological elements of port landscape. Especially, robustness and sophistication are the properties that can only be felt from the port landscape that houses container structures that have been uncommon visual features of other sea marine landscapes. As for evaluation of pleasantness, artificial fixtures and port structures besides the port itself are the factors that damage the landscape, and especially, since container ports primarily are developed in the form of depression angle rather than wave angle due to the characteristics of their landscape, the quality of landscape deteriorates quickly if the maintenance of port areas away from the sea and their surrounding complexes are poorly managed. The result of the eye movement experiment showed that the high level of natural properties of visual objects corresponds to the high level of satisfaction on port landscape, and the larger the scale and the simpler the form of landscape composition elements, and the higher the harmony between these elements, the higher the level of satisfaction increased. Also, the distribution of visual point is concentrated on the facility that has a unique form, and is greatly influenced by waterline, writings on buildings and colors that stand out. Buildings are important elements in controlling port landscape, and the nomadability of these buildings determines the satisfaction level of the respective landscape. Also, vessels and cranes are applied as negative elements but the adjustment of their form or color can bring changes to the level of satisfaction. Psychological evaluation and physiological evaluation are not recognized as independent results from one another but rather is the display of such results in a series of processes where humans understand landscape. In-depth embodiment of the result of psychological evaluation can be useful in determining the detailed physical elements that affects port landscape.

The 21st century is the period that culture and consume are more interdependent than before. And every individual also has his/her own taste. Therefore, in this situation a designer should fit in with their clients' own needs and tastes. With like this trend the times, various and fast changing waves rise floral design area as same as in every other field. Designs for new products are influenced by these kinds of conception. The emotion is an individual philosophy technically on the base of center for clients. Also this emotion is an important factor to improvement the value added and competition of designed products. Therefore in this study, jewelry bouquet focuses on improving designs, which head for the future and can be fitted in with every client' more special need, as creative designed products which open the new age in floral art. The jewelry bouquet is a product of new concept that are made with preserved flowers, which keep themselves fresh for a long time, and jewelries. It a special functions which make clients keep and enjoy it for a long time with their happy wedding memory and can be used for clients to decorate their home. This idea satisfies clients' image & preference, which want to have different wedding ceremony from others'.

The purpose of this study is to find the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation by the semantic differential scale and to suggest the major determinants of visual preference in rural stream landscapes. For this, the bi-polar adjectives for rural stream landscape evaluation was found by the method of the reliability test, and the spatial image was analyzed by the factor analysis. The level of visual preference was measured by slide simulation test, and these data were analyzed by the multiple regression. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) Of the bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological and physical characteristics, the hi-polar adjectives which demonstrated reliability and consistency run as follows : Bi-polar adjectives expressing psychological characteristics : 'calm-bustling', 'unfamiliar-familiar', 'still-active','depressing-brisk', 'discomfortable-comfortable', 'suppressed-free', 'lifeless-living', 'quiet-noisy', 'unpleasant-pleasant'. Bi-polar adjectives expressing physical characteristics : 'artificial-natural', 'narrow-wide', 'rocky-not rocky', 'desolate-fertile', 'dirty-clean', 'enclosed-open', 'flat-steep', 'not gravelly-gravelly', 'thicketed-not thicketed', 'not weedy-weedy'. 2) Two factors, the harmony and the movement, were derived from the factor analysis for the psychological variables. Three factors, the naturalness, the rock, and the vegetation, were derived from the factor analysis for the physical variables. 3) Rural stream landscape types were classified into four types by the multi-dimensional scaling method. Type III, IV obtained higher rank of visual preference and type I, II obtained lower. 4) For all types, the factors determining the level of visual preference were found to be the harmony, the naturalness, and the vegetation. The visual preference determinants of rural stream landscape need to be considered in improving or restoring the rural stream landscapes.